Microbiome as an Immunological Modifier

Kumar, Manoj; Singh, Parul; Murugesan, Selvasankar; Vétizou, Marie; McCulloch, John A.; Badger, Jonathan H.; Trinchieri, Giorgio; Khodor, Souhaila Al

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-9773-2_27

Cited by 26 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 270 publications

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“…Multifactorial chronic diseases, such as IBD, are considered challenging as they have limited treatment options. However, they exhibit a great variety of molecular interactions involving a complex interplay between genetics, microbiome and the immune system among others [153,154]. Classical reductionist approaches have identified key genes or pathways when trying to characterize the cause and progression of IBD and data collected from IBD patients using single omics such as microbiomics [61,75,79,97,109,118,155,156] and genomics [18,157,158] are also available.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating omics for a better understanding of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a step towards personalized medicine

2019

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Background: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a multifactorial chronic disease. Understanding only one aspect of IBD pathogenesis does not reflect the complex nature of IBD nor will it improve its clinical management. Therefore, it is vital to dissect the interactions between the different players in IBD pathogenesis in order to understand the biology of the disease and enhance its clinical outcomes. Aims:To provide an overview of the available omics data used to assess the potential mechanisms through which various players are contributing to IBD pathogenesis and propose a precision medicine model to fill the current knowledge gap in IBD.Results: Several studies have reported microbial dysbiosis, immune and metabolic dysregulation in IBD patients, however, this data is not sufficient to create signatures that can differentiate between the disease subtypes or between disease relapse and remission. Conclusions:We summarized the current knowledge in the application of omics in IBD patients, and we showed that the current knowledge gap in IBD hinders the improvements of clinical decision for treatment as well as the prediction of disease relapse. We propose one way to fill this gap by implementing integrative analysis of various omics datasets generated from one patient at a single time point.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating omics for a better understanding of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a step towards personalized medicine

2019

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“…Effects of early life events on the neonatal microbiome have been associated with increased rates of allergy, asthma and obesity. [13][14][15]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>A Vaccine Against Group B <em>Streptococcus</em>: Recent Advances</p>

Carreras-Abad¹,

Ramkhelawon²,

Heath³

et al. 2020

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Group B streptococcus (GBS) causes a high burden of neonatal and infant disease globally. Implementing a vaccine for pregnant women is a promising strategy to prevent neonatal and infant GBS disease and has been identified as a priority by the World Health Organisation (WHO). GBS serotype-specific polysaccharideprotein conjugate vaccines are at advanced stages of development, but a large number of participants would be required to undertake Phase III clinical efficacy trials. Efforts are therefore currently focused on establishing serocorrelates of protection in natural immunity studies as an alternative pathway for licensure of a GBS vaccine, followed by Phase IV studies to evaluate safety and effectiveness. Protein vaccines are in earlier stages of development but are highly promising as they might confer protection irrespective of serotype. Further epidemiological, immunological and health economic studies are required to enable the vaccine to reach its target population as soon as possible.

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“…92,[95][96][97] Other environmental factors, such as season and climate, geography, living environment, pollution, diet, and antimicrobial use, are associated with microbial composition. 18,98 Host factors such as age and genetics also play a role, and the microbes themselves interact with each other in varied ecological communities. As such, analyses of microbial associations with health and disease need to consider how these other factors fit in.…”

Section: The Specific Effects Of Host Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%