Microbiome and metabolic disorders related to obesity: Which lessons to learn from experimental models?

Neyrinck, Audrey M.; Schüppel, Valentina; Lockett, Trevor; Haller, Dirk

doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2016.08.012

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Mice fed an HFD for 14 weeks had significantly increased body weight, inducing obesity, and disturbed glucose homeostasis, consistent with previous studies [ 26 ]. The daily energy intake and intestinal SCFAs in the HFD group were much higher than those in the LFD group, but the mean weight gain was only 4.61 g higher than that of the LFD group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

A High-Fat Diet Increases Gut Microbiota Biodiversity and Energy Expenditure Due to Nutrient Difference

et al. 2020

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A high-fat diet (HFD) can easily induce obesity and change the gut microbiota and its metabolites. However, studies on the effects of high-fat diets on the host have drawn inconsistent results. In this study, the unexpected results showed that the refined HFD increased gut microbiota diversity and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), causing an increase in energy metabolism. Further analysis revealed these changes were caused by the different fiber content in these two diets. Male C57BL/6J mice (4–5 weeks old) were fed either HFD or refined low-fat diet (LFD) for 14 weeks. The metabolic rates, thermogenesis, gut microbiome, and intestinal SCFAs were tested. The HFD triggered obesity and disturbed glucose homeostasis. Mice fed HFD ingested more fiber than mice fed LFD (p < 0.0001), causing higher intestinal SCFA concentrations related to the increased abundances of specific bacteria in the HFD group. Also, the HFD increased metabolic heat and up-regulated thermogenesis genes uncoupling protein 1(Ucp-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (Pgc-1α) expression in the brown adipose tissue (BAT). It was revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing that the HFD increased gut microbial diversity, which enriched Desulfovibrionaceae, Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, and Mucispirillum, meanwhile, reduced the abundance of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia, Faecalibaculum, and Blautia. The predicted metabolic pathways indicated HFD increased the gene expression of non-absorbed carbohydrate metabolism pathways, as well as the risks of colonization of intestinal pathogens and inflammation. In conclusion, the HFD was obesogenic in male C57BL/6J mice, and increased fiber intake from the HFD drove an increase in gut microbiota diversity, SCFAs, and energy expenditure. Meanwhile, the differences in specific nutrient intake can dissociate broad changes in energy expenditure, gut microbiota, and its metabolites from obesity, raising doubts in the previous studies. Therefore, it is necessary to consider whether differences in specific nutrient intake will interfere with the results of the experiments.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

A High-Fat Diet Increases Gut Microbiota Biodiversity and Energy Expenditure Due to Nutrient Difference

et al. 2020

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“…Also, HFD was not only shown to elevate structurally related ceramides in liver as a proximal organ to gastrointestinal tract but also being a key trigger for altering gut bacterial communities 18 , 25 – 27 . Furthermore, a shift towards Firmicutes is reported in HFD studies with a decrease in Bacteroidetes phylum 28 . It has been found that the potential sphingolipid producing genera such as Bacteroides or Prevotella are strongly associated with the lean phenotype in HFD studies 28 , 29 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Furthermore, a shift towards Firmicutes is reported in HFD studies with a decrease in Bacteroidetes phylum 28 . It has been found that the potential sphingolipid producing genera such as Bacteroides or Prevotella are strongly associated with the lean phenotype in HFD studies 28 , 29 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Sulfonolipids as novel metabolite markers of Alistipes and Odoribacter affected by high-fat diets

Walker

Pfitzner

Harir

et al. 2017

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The gut microbiota generates a huge pool of unknown metabolites, and their identification and characterization is a key challenge in metabolomics. However, there are still gaps on the studies of gut microbiota and their chemical structures. In this investigation, an unusual class of bacterial sulfonolipids (SLs) is detected in mouse cecum, which was originally found in environmental microbes. We have performed a detailed molecular level characterization of this class of lipids by combining high-resolution mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography analysis. Eighteen SLs that differ in their capnoid and fatty acid chain compositions were identified. The SL called “sulfobacin B” was isolated, characterized, and was significantly increased in mice fed with high-fat diets. To reveal bacterial producers of SLs, metagenome analysis was acquired and only two bacterial genera, i.e., Alistipes and Odoribacter, were revealed to be responsible for their production. This knowledge enables explaining a part of the molecular complexity introduced by microbes to the mammalian gastrointestinal tract and can be used as chemotaxonomic evidence in gut microbiota.

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“…The use of animal models is crucial to evaluate the mechanism by which the change in the gut microbiota driven by prebiotics may influence obesity-related diseases [70]. Throughout this section, we discuss the studies performed in animal models of diet-induced obesity supplemented either with AX, AXOS, and wheat bran as it constitutes the starting material.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Action Of Axos In Preclinical Animal Models Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional interest of dietary fiber and prebiotics in obesity: Lessons from the MyNewGut consortium

et al. 2020

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s u m m a r yThe aim of EU project MyNewGut is to contribute to future public health-related recommendations supported by new insight in gut microbiome and nutrition-host relationship. In this Opinion Paper, we first revisit the concept of dietary fiber, taking into account their interaction with the gut microbiota. This paper also summarizes the main effects of dietary fibers with prebiotic properties in intervention studies in humans, with a particular emphasis on the effects of arabinoxylans and arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides on metabolic alterations associated with obesity. Based on the existing state of the art and future development, we elaborate the steps required to propose dietary guidelines related to dietary fibers, taking into account their interaction with the gut microbiota.

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Microbiome and metabolic disorders related to obesity: Which lessons to learn from experimental models?

Cited by 24 publications

References 85 publications

A High-Fat Diet Increases Gut Microbiota Biodiversity and Energy Expenditure Due to Nutrient Difference

A High-Fat Diet Increases Gut Microbiota Biodiversity and Energy Expenditure Due to Nutrient Difference

Sulfonolipids as novel metabolite markers of Alistipes and Odoribacter affected by high-fat diets

Nutritional interest of dietary fiber and prebiotics in obesity: Lessons from the MyNewGut consortium

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