Microbiome and its impact on gastrointestinal atopy

Abstract

The prevalence of allergic conditions has continuously increased in the last few decades in Westernized countries. A dysbiotic gut microbiome may play an important role in the development of allergic diseases. Genetic, environmental and dietary factors may alter the commensal microbiota leading to inflammatory dysregulation of homeostasis. Murine and human studies have begun to elucidate the role of the microbiota in the pathogenesis of atopic diseases including asthma, atopic dermatitis and food allergies. However, the role of the microbiome in most eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (EGIDs) is not yet known. This review provides an overview of what is currently known about the development of tolerance from both molecular and clinical standpoints. We also look at the gut specific microbiome and its role in atopic conditions with the hope of applying this knowledge to the understanding, prevention and treatment of EGIDs, particularly EoE.

The relationship of habitual diet with esophageal inflammation and integrity in eosinophilic esophagitis

“…Immunomodulatory effects are known for certain fibers, fats, proteins, iron, zinc, copper, selenium, vitamins A, C, D, B6, and B12, omega 3 and 6 fatty acids and folate. [2][3][4][5] Thus, nutrition may have an allergy-protective or allergy-provoking effect.…”

“…Allergies are on the rise in western countries and the prevalence of food allergy has reached approximately 7% in children in the United States, 1 makingimproved diagnostics an important goal. Not all known potential allergens of wheat have been characterized so far and the prevalence of true wheat allergy is difficult to determine due to IgE crossreactivity with grass pollen allergens 2.…”

Implication of Modern Complementary Foods in Critical Period for Child Health Programming

“…При физиологическом течении родов происходит инверсия иммунного ответа эффекторных клеток CD4+ с формированием баланса Th1/Th2 и развитием иммунологической толерантности [15]. В этом физиологическом процессе большое значение играет микробиота кишечника, состав которой зависит от типа родоразрешения (вагинальные роды или кесарево сечение) и вида вскармливания (естественное или искусственное) [15][16][17]. Для детей с наследственной предрасположенностью к аллергии при мультифакториальном воздействии существенных факторов риска, таких как Одним из важнейших факторов риска формирования ранней сенсибилизации является характер вскармливания новорожденного ребенка.…”

Creating a multi-center rare disease consortium – the Consortium of Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disease Researchers (CEGIR)

“…Microbiome content of stool samples has the potential to be a non-invasive biomarker for disease diagnosis and monitoring. Previous studies observed differences in the microbiome of patients with EoE, but it is unclear how this is associated with patientoutcomes [31]. …”