Microbiome and Human Health: Current Understanding, Engineering, and Enabling Technologies

Aggarwal, Nikhil; Kitano, Shohei; Puah, Ginette Ru Ying; Kittelmann, Sandra; Hwang, In Sung; Chang, Matthew Wook

doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00431

Cited by 74 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 482 publications

(866 reference statements)

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“…Until a better understanding of the lung microbiota in the context of both health and disease is available, it will be challenging to incorporate sequencing data into clinical decision‐making. Some of these challenges may be overcome by the integration of other ‐omics, such as metabolomics or proteomics, which allow for the quantification of metabolic end products, by metabolites or proteins of bacteria within a microbial community 33,43 …”

Section: Methods For Microbial Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The respiratory microbiota and its impact on health and disease in dogs and cats: A One Health perspective

Vientós‐Plotts

Ericsson

Reinero

2023

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Healthy lungs were long thought of as sterile, with presence of bacteria identified by culture representing contamination. Recent advances in metagenomics have refuted this belief by detecting rich, diverse, and complex microbial communities in the healthy lower airways of many species, albeit at low concentrations. Although research has only begun to investigate causality and potential mechanisms, alterations in these microbial communities (known as dysbiosis) have been described in association with inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic respiratory diseases in humans. Similar studies in dogs and cats are scarce. The microbial communities in the respiratory tract are linked to distant microbial communities such as in the gut (ie, the gut‐lung axis), allowing interplay of microbes and microbial products in health and disease. This review summarizes considerations for studying local microbial communities, key features of the respiratory microbiota and its role in the gut‐lung axis, current understanding of the healthy respiratory microbiota, and examples of dysbiosis in selected respiratory diseases of dogs and cats.

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Section: Methods For Microbial Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The respiratory microbiota and its impact on health and disease in dogs and cats: A One Health perspective

Vientós‐Plotts

Ericsson

Reinero

2023

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…The human gut microbiota refers to the vast collection of various microbes living on the epithelial barrier surfaces of the gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, archaea, and protozoa (1). With the advances of molecular tools and technologies such as 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, metagenomic, metabolomic, and metatranscriptomic, as well as the use of gnotobiotic animal models, the intricate host-microbiota interactions are progressively being deciphered (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging roles of the gut microbiota in cancer immunotherapy

Shi

Li²,

Song³

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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Gut microbiota represents a hidden treasure vault encompassing trillions of microorganisms that inhabit the intestinal epithelial barrier of the host. In the past decade, numerous in-vitro, animal and clinical studies have revealed the profound roles of gut microbiota in maintaining the homeostasis of various physiological functions, especially immune modulation, and remarkable differences in the configuration of microbial communities between cancers and healthy individuals. In addition, although considerable efforts have been devoted to cancer treatments, there remain many patients succumb to their disease with the incremental cancer burden worldwide. Nevertheless, compared with the stability of human genome, the plasticity of gut microbiota renders it a promising opportunity for individualized treatment. Meanwhile, burgeoning findings indicate that gut microbiota is involved in close interactions with the outcomes of diverse cancer immunotherapy protocols, including immune checkpoint blockade therapy, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy. Here, we reviewed the evidence for the capacity of gut microflora to modulate cancer immunotherapies, and highlighted the opportunities of microbiota-based prognostic prediction, as well as microbiotherapy by targeting the microflora to potentiate anticancer efficacy while attenuating toxicity, which will be pivotal to the development of personalized cancer treatment strategies.

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“…The digestive system has the greatest number of immune cells in the body. The microbiota found in the digestive tract can regulate the immune response of the host, defend against infections, and stimulate nutrition metabolism 11,12 . Several variables, including genetics, nutrition, lifestyle, illness, and age, dynamically influence the makeup of gut microbiota 13,14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The causal links between gut microbiota and COVID‐19: A Mendelian randomization study

Song

Yin

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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Several studies have shown a possible correlation between gut microbiota and COVID-19. However, the cause-and-effect relationship between the two has not been investigated. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization study (MR) study using publicly available GWAS data. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) analysis was the main MR analysis technique and was supplemented with other sensitivity analyses. Forty-two bacterial genera were associated with COVID-19 susceptibility, hospitalization, and severity in the IVW method. Among these gut microbiota, five gut microbiota (genus unknowngenus [id.1000005472], family unknownfamily [id.1000005471], genus Tyzzerella3, order MollicutesRF9.id.11579, and phylum Actinobacteria) were significantly associated with COVID-19 hospitalization and severity. Three gut microbiota (class Negativicutes, order Selenomonadales, and class Actinobacteria) were significantly associated with COVID-19 hospitalization and susceptibility, while two microbiota (class Negativicutes and order Selenomonadales) were significantly associated with COVID-19 hospitalization and severity, and susceptibility. Sensitivity analysis did not detect any heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy. Our findings demonstrated that several microorganisms were causally linked to COVID-19, and improved our understanding of the relationship between gut microbiota and COVID-19 pathology.

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Microbiome and Human Health: Current Understanding, Engineering, and Enabling Technologies

Cited by 74 publications

References 482 publications

The respiratory microbiota and its impact on health and disease in dogs and cats: A One Health perspective

The respiratory microbiota and its impact on health and disease in dogs and cats: A One Health perspective

Emerging roles of the gut microbiota in cancer immunotherapy

The causal links between gut microbiota and COVID‐19: A Mendelian randomization study

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