Microbiome and Culture Based Analysis of Chronic Rhinosinusitis Compared to Healthy Sinus Mucosa

Abstract

The role of bacteria in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is still not well understood. Whole microbiome analysis adds new aspects to our current understanding that is mainly based on isolated bacteria. It is still unclear how the results of microbiome analysis and the classical culture based approaches interrelate. To address this, middle meatus swabs and tissue samples were obtained during sinus surgery in 5 patients with CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), 5 patients with diffuse CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), 5 patients with unilateral purulent maxillary CRS (upm CRS) and 3 patients with healthy sinus mucosa. Swabs were cultured, and associated bacteria were identified. Additionally, parts of each tissue sample also underwent culture approaches, and in parallel DNA was extracted for 16S rRNA gene amplicon-based microbiome analysis. From tissue samples 4.2 ± 1.2 distinct species per patient were cultured, from swabs 5.4 ± 1.6. The most frequently cultured species from the swabs were Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Corynebacterium spp. and Staphylococcus aureus. The 16S-RNA gene analysis revealed no clear differentiation of the bacterial community of healthy compared to CRS samples of unilateral purulent maxillary CRS and CRSwNP. However, the bacterial community of CRSsNP differed significantly from the healthy controls. In the CRSsNP samples Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, Pedobacter, Porphyromonas, Stenotrophomonas, and Brevundimonas were significantly enriched compared to the healthy controls. Species isolated from culture did not generally correspond with the most abundant genera in microbiome analysis. Only Fusobacteria, Parvimonas, and Prevotella found in 2 unilateral purulent maxillary CRS samples by the cultivation dependent approach were also found in the cultivation independent approach in high abundance, suggesting a classic infectious pathogenesis of odontogenic origin in these two specific cases. Alterations of the bacterial community might be a more crucial factor for the development of CRSsNP compared to CRSwNP. Further studies are needed to investigate the relation between bacterial community characteristics and the development of CRSsNP.

Yeast fermentate prebiotic improves intestinal barrier integrity during heat stress by modulation of the gut microbiota in rats

“…Data about lower number of Bifidobacterium in PS, ES and EC groups are in contrast with culture-based results. Other authors also reported that species, isolated from culture did not generally correspond with the most abundant genera in microbiome analysis (Koeller et al, 2018). For example, increased Bifidobacterium abundance was detectable only with an in vitro culture method, and not pyrosequencing (Finegold et al, 2014).…”

Volumetric assessment of paranasal sinus opacification on computed tomography can be automated using a convolutional neural network

“…Recently, Chowdhury et al 34 demonstrated that CNNs can be leveraged for classification of (OMC) inflammation on CT. Their analysis was limited to evaluation of a single selected coronal image through the OMC and did not focus on the paranasal sinuses. Although previously considered a critical region of disease in CRS, its questionable degree of importance has been reconsidered in recent years 35‐37 . We are not aware of other studies in which CNNs have been used to automate calculation of sinus opacification.…”

Antibiotic-dependent relationships between nasal microbiome and secreted proteome in chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps

“…Previous studies examining the nasal microbiome resulted in inconsistent outcomes for alpha diversity indices in CRS patients compared to those in the control group. Some studies reported that there was no significant difference in alpha diversity between the control and the CRS patients(Koeller et al 2018; Mahdavinia et al 2018; Paramasivan et al 2019). Meanwhile, other studies reported that the alpha diversity indices significantly decreased in CRS patients compared to those in the control group(Choi et al 2014; Biswas et al 2015; Cope et al 2017).…”

“…For the medical treatment of CRS, antibiotics such as penicillins/betalactams and macrolides were prescribed in about 70% of CRS visits(Smith et al 2013). However, most of previous metagenomic analyses(Aurora et al 2013; Choi et al 2014; Biswas et al 2015; Ramakrishnan et al 2015; Biswas et al 2017; Cope et al 2017; Hoggard et al 2017; Jain et al 2017; Lal et al 2017; Ramakrishnan et al 2017; Chalermwatanachai et al 2018; Copeland et al 2018; Koeller et al 2018; Mahdavinia et al 2018; Biswas et al 2019; Gan et al 2019; Paramasivan et al 2019; Rom et al 2019) examining CRS excluded patients who had taken antibiotics within approximately one month prior to sampling. Here, we performed metagenomics and proteomics analyses using nasal secretions in healthy control and CRS patients.…”