Microbiology of surgical site infection in closed upper limb fractures: data from a prospective trauma registry

Abstract

The current study aims to determine the rate of surgical site infection, causal microorganism, and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in operated upper limb closed fractures at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. Cases presenting between June 2015 to October 2019, were selected from a single-centre, longitudinal, prospective orthopaedic trauma registry. Infection rate, causal microorganism, and antibiotic sensitivity pattern were determined up to six months after surgery. From among a total of 376 closed fractures, 12 encountered surgical site infection with some having late onset, giving an infection rate of 3% which is 1% higher than the international benchmark. Microorganism culture was performed on 5 (42%) patients out of which 2 (40%) were positive. Frequently used prophylactic antibiotics were first generation Cephalosporin and Co-amoxiclav in 9 (75%) patients, but all other the patients required other antibiotic categories. Five patients required implant removal with antibiotic coverage. K-wire insertion required prolonged antibiotic treatment. Most of the cultures were negative in spite of the presence of infection. Key words: Trauma registry, upper limb, closed fractures, wound infection.

Taxonomic Status of Weevils Fauna of District Bannu Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan

“…Pakistan by Hashmi and Tashfeen (1992) who reported it from Pakistan. Bhatti (2018) recorded its specimens it from Islamabad (Rawal Lake) while Chaudhry et al (1970) recorded it from Peshawar, Chichawatni.…”

“…Worldwideexperts having lack of knowledge about geographic situation of Pakistan because of three geographical regions of worlds falls in Pakistan (Rafi et al, 2010). Major taxonomic works done in different decades of 19 th Century i.e., Aslam (1961Aslam ( , 1963Aslam ( , 1966aAslam ( , 1966b, Chaudhry et al (1966Chaudhry et al ( , 1970; Hashmi and Tashfeen (1992), in Pakistan since inception (1947) and during 20 th Century i.e., Rizvi et al (2002); Ahmed et al (2010); Ahmed and Legalov (2015), Kazi et al (2017); but comprehensive faunistic work on weevil done by Bhatti (2018) and Bhatti et al (2018;2021) which brought forward a record of 35 species added in to national weevil fauna of Pakistan. Among all the above cited works, district Bannu of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province remained ignored and neglected due to many hard to reach areas and uncertain ground conditions in few pockets.…”

Exploring the Long-Term Disability Outcomes in Trauma Patients: Study Protocol

“…Several cross-sectional studies highlight the demographics, causes, and interventions taken for trauma patients in Pakistan, 15,16 but few efforts have been made to collect long-term outcomes following trauma. 17 Patient-reported outcomes can bridge this knowledge gap and better inform clinical decision-making and quality improvement efforts. 12 However, this information is not available in Pakistan.…”