Microbiology of male urethroadnexitis: diagnostic procedures and criteria for aetiologic classification

Abstract

Common pathogens and unconventional, fastidious bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi are causative agents in male urethroadnexitis. Uropathogens and sexually transmitted organisms must be considered. Diagnostic procedures and criteria for aetiologic classification in cases of balanitis, urethritis, prostatitis, epididymitis, and orchitis are described and evaluated.

Direct impression on agar surface as a diagnostic sampling procedure for candida balanitis

“…There is previous reference in the literature to the use of impression culture as a method of genital specimen collection 10 13 14. However, direct impression by contact has not become a popular method in clinical practice.…”

High Frequency of Chronic Bacterial and Non-Inflammatory Prostatitis in Infertile Patients with Prostatitis Syndrome Plus Irritable Bowel Syndrome

“…All the samples of this study were centrifuged and seeded on blood agar and McConkey media with standard biochemical tests to characterize bacteria. Microbiological evaluation included microscopic evaluation of VB1 with cytological analysis for leukocytes [38], quantitative culture methods for relevant pathogen bacteria (including Enterobacteriaceae, mycoplasmas, C. trachomatis and Candida spp.) in urethral discharge smears and in VB1 and either: C. trachomatis positive in VB1 and/or urethral smears, or presence of common bacteria, mycoplasmas, or yeasts with a concentration ≥10 4 CFU/ml in the urethral discharge and/or ≥10 3 CFU/ml in VB1, were considered criteria for diagnosis [38].…”

Impact of infection on the secretory capacity of the male accessory glands

“…The diagnosis of chronic epididymitis was performed clinically, sonographically and microbiologically according to consensus statements including search for sexually transmitted disease microorganisms and inflammatory parameters in the ejaculate (peroxidase positive leukocytes, elastase) (15,16). The diagnosis of chronic urethritis was done clinically and microbiologically including the search for sexually transmitted microorganisms and leukocyte counts of the first voided urine and in the ejaculate (peroxidase positive leukocytes, elastase) (16) ( Table-1).…”