Microbiology and Drug Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Isolates from Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Somalia

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to determine the microbiological profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates obtained from patients with chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) presenting to the otorhinolaryngology clinic of a tertiary care hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia. Methods: A total of 225 patients diagnosed with chronic suppurative otitis media were included in the study. Samples of middle ear discharge were collected from each patient and cultured using standard microbiological techniques, and bacterial identification was performed. Drug susceptibility pattern was assessed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute criteria. Results:The study sample (n=225) comprised 122 females and 103 males. Among 225 samples tested, bacterial growth was present in 200 (88.9%) and absent in 25 (11.1%) samples. Of 200 samples with bacterial growth, monomicrobial growth was detected in 176 (88%). Gram-positive bacteria were observed in 40 (22.7%) and Gram-negative bacteria in 136 (77.3%) samples. The bacteriology of the samples with monomicrobial growth consisted of (in decreasing frequency) Pseudomonas spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Coagulase-negative staphylococci, Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella sp. A high rate of resistance was detected against penicillin antibiotics, erythromycin, tetracycline, and co-trimoxazole. Resistance to cephalosporins, clindamycin, vancomycin, linezolid, daptomycin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, levofloxacin, meropenem, and ertapenem was low. Conclusion: While the frequencies of isolated bacterial species were consistent with other reports from the region, differences were observed in the antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates when examined individually for each antibiotic. Further studies are warranted in the same region and different parts of Somalia, coupled with ongoing assessment of antibiotic susceptibility patterns in CSOM.

Bacterial etiologies, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and associated factors among patients with otitis media referred to Nekemte Public Health Research and Referral Laboratory Center, Western Ethiopia: A prospective cross-sectional study

“…In the present study, 93.5% of the S. aureus isolates resistant to penicillin whereas clindamycin and gentamicin were the two drugs to which 80.4% and 78.3% of isolates were susceptible, respectively. This finding is in agreement with other studies (29,32). On the other hand, P. aeruginosa demonstrated susceptibility patterns ranging from 33.3 – 97% with piperacillin-tazobactam being the most effective antibiotic but 60.6% of the isolates were found to be resistant to meropenem.…”

“…In the present study, 93.5% of the S. aureus isolates resistant to penicillin whereas clindamycin and gentamicin were the two drugs to which 80.4% and 78.3% of isolates were susceptible, respectively. This finding is in agreement with other studies (29,32). On the other hand, P.…”

“…Another study in Ethiopia reported 56.0% gram-negative bacteria as the predominant species isolated from middle ear discharge, which was consistent with the results of the present study (25). Reports from Somalia, Nigeria and Malaysia agree with the predominance of gram-negative bacteria, with higher frequencies of 77.3%, 71.6% and 75.3%, respectively (32)(33)(34). The reason for the higher prevalence could be the chronic nature of infection, where gram-negative bacteria from external sources gain access to the auditory canal and eventually become predominant.…”

Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum B-Lactamase (ESBL) and Quinolone Resistance (qnr) Genes among Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor-1-Producing Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Babylon, Iraq

“…Various qnr genes differ in sequence by 35% [23] . Following antibiotic pressure, structural changes in arrangement might occur, resulting in non-susceptibility to trimethoprim, cefepime, ceftriaxone, and co-amoxiclav among E. coli isolates [24,25] . qnr genes are found worldwide, particularly among hospitalized patients.…”

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