“…Bioleaching has been extensively applied in the extraction of metals (e.g., copper and gold) from low-grade ores (Klaus, 1997 ; Rawlings, 2002 ; Abhilash and Pandey, 2013a ; Srichandan et al, 2019 ; Wang et al, 2019 ; Kaksonen et al, 2020 ; Roberto and Schippers, 2022 ). It has been proved to be an effective approach to extract uranium from low-grade or complex refractory ores because of its economic feasible and environmentally sustainable (Tuovinen and Bhatti, 1999 ; Abhilash and Pandey, 2013a ; Wang et al, 2019 ; Kaksonen et al, 2020 ). Bioleaching microorganisms play a critical role in the oxidative decomposition of many sulfide ores (Liao et al, 2020 ; Yin et al, 2020 ).…”