Microbiological Analysis of Bile in Patients With Benign and Malignant Biliopancreatic Diseases and Its Consequences

Alves, José Roberto; Silva, Rodrigo do Carmo; Guerra, Sâmea Costa Pinheiro; Freitas, T. T.; Souza, Dyego Leandro Bezerra de; Amico, Ênio Campos

doi:10.1590/s0004-28032016000300007

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Kaya et al [14] reported that a single bacterobilia accounted for 95% of infection. However, higher multi-infection rates compared to monoinfection rates were reported in other studies [17, 26]. Overprescription of antibiotics before hospitalization in China or suboptimal culture conditions may explain the differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Yun and Seo [31] suggested the bile of patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy may contain microorganisms, particularly in those who received repeated ERCP. Interventions, like Oddi's sphincterotomy, breakdown the normal human defense mechanisms, decrease the pressure of the bile duct, and potentially cause a reverse fluid flow from the duodenum into the bile duct [9, 26]. The individuals who underwent these interventions might have acquired biliary tract motor dysfunction and are prone to biliary infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbial Profiles and Risk Factors of Preexisting Biliary Infection in Patients with Therapeutic Endoscopy

Ruan

Liao

Peng

et al. 2019

Gastroenterology Research and Practice

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Background. The bile infection may already exist before the administration of an interventional procedure, despite no clinical manifestations of cholangitis detected. Blood cultures remained negative even in more than half of the febrile cases with cholangitis. Risk factors associated with bacterial growth in bile before the intervention are not well defined. To establish the bacterial profiles isolated from the bile samples and to identify risk factors for bacterial colonization in the bile system. Methods. Individuals who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) interventions were enrolled. Bile samples were aspirated and were immediately transferred into a sterile tube for storage. Results. Positive bile cultures were detected in 363 (38.0%) of 956 patients, including 322 benign diseases and 41 malignances. Of 363 positive cases, 351 (96.7%) were monoinfection and 12 (3.3%) multi-infection. Escherichia coli were the most common Gram-negative bacteria (210, 56.0%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (45, 12.0%). Enterococcus faecalis represented the most common Gram-positive microorganism (19, 5.07%), while Candida albicans (11, 2.93%) were the dominant fungi. Klebsiella pneumoniae were more frequently detected in malignant diseases (P=0.046). Age, previous ERCP history or OLT history, and CBD diameter were independent risk factors for positive cultures (P<0.05) while preoperative jaundice drug therapy was the protective factor for bile infection (P<0.05). Conclusion. Monomicrobial infection was dominant among all infections, and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were more frequently isolated from patients with malignant diseases. To effectively manage patients who are at a high risk for bile infection, a detailed diagnosis and treatment plan for each case should be prepared.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Profiles and Risk Factors of Preexisting Biliary Infection in Patients with Therapeutic Endoscopy

Ruan

Liao

Peng

et al. 2019

Gastroenterology Research and Practice

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“… 37 38 Few cases with Streptococcus infection and coexisting GBC have also been reported. 39 40 However, Haemophilus has not been identified in GBC before, but still, several studies have reported the isolation of the bacteria in biliary tract infection. 41 42 Interestingly, Salmonella or Helicobacter , which were considered as one of the causative bacteria, were not identified in the bile from GBC patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Microbial Dysbiosis with Gallbladder Diseases Identified by Bile Microbiome Profiling

et al. 2021

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Background Cholecystitis is an important risk factor for gallbladder cancer, but the bile microbiome and its association with gallbladder disease has not been investigated fully. We aimed to analyze the bile microbiome in normal conditions, chronic cholecystitis, and gallbladder cancer, and to identify candidate bacteria that play an important role in gallbladder carcinogenesis. Methods We performed metagenome sequencing on bile samples of 10 healthy individuals, 10 patients with chronic cholecystitis, and 5 patients with gallbladder cancer, and compared the clinical, radiological, and pathological characteristics of the participants. Results No significant bacterial signal was identified in the normal bile. The predominant dysbiotic bacteria in both chronic cholecystitis and gallbladder cancer were those belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family. Klebsiella increased significantly in the order of normal, chronic cholecystitis, and gallbladder cancer. Patients with chronic cholecystitis and dysbiotic microbiome patterns had larger gallstones and showed marked epithelial atypia, which are considered as precancerous conditions. Conclusion We investigated the bile microbiome in normal, chronic cholecystitis, and gallbladder cancer. We suggest possible roles of Enterobacteriaceae, including Klebsiella , in gallbladder carcinogenesis. Our findings reveal a possible link between a dysbiotic bile microbiome and the development of chronic calculous cholecystitis and gallbladder cancer.

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“…There are thousands of species and trillions of bacteria in the human gut, which some scholars regard as the body's "hidden organs". The research found that human health is not only related to its genetic genes but also has a subtle connection with intestinal microorganism [1], gene sequencing analysis has revealed the intestinal bacteria that play an incredible role, they have important effects on health, especially the gut microbes are associated with a variety of diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, intestinal disease, autoimmune disease, metabolic disease, biliary tract disease, depression, Alzheimer's, cancer [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9], etc. Moreover, the duodenal flora has been shown to affect the overgrowth of intestinal bacteria, irritable bowel syndrome, and celiac disease [10], and these association studies have redefined the concept of the human body as a superorganism composed of its cells and symbiotic microorganisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Periampullary Diverticulum on Biliary Flora and the Formation of Common Bile Duct Stone

Hou¹,

Wang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Bile duct stone is closely related to periampullary diverticulum, but it is not clear whether the formation of it was affected by the diverticulum through the biliary flora. To explore the diversity and correlation of biliary and intestinal flora in the patients with choledocholithiasis and the effects of periampullary diverticulum on the flora and bile duct stone. Methods: Bile and intestinal fluid were collected from patients with primary common bile duct stones, and then divided into diverticulum group and none- diverticulum group according to the presence or absence of paravertebral diverticula, DNA of these samples was extracted and a bacterial gene library was constructed, and related bioinformatics analysis was performed after high-throughput sequencing to obtain the bacterial components and community structure of the sample. Result: A total of 3001,613 valid sequences were obtained, with an average of 136436.95±3696.842 sequences, which were classified into 6021 ASV/OUT. Alpha diversity analysis showed that the species richness and diversity in the diverticulum group were lower than those in the nondiverticulum group. According to the species annotation results, the advantage bacterium group of the bile is Proteobacteria (BG 80.41%, Bg 70.95%), and advantage bacterium group of the intestinal fluid is Firmicutes and Proteobacteria (BG 89.39%, Bg 74.11%). A large proportion of Enterobacter was found in bile. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Streptococcus and other bacteria closely related to stone formation have been found. The proportion of E. coli in the diverticulum group was increased and due to the existence of the diverticulum Enterobacteria in the bile were increased and more complex. The bacteria that produce Betaglucuronidase are found to be increased in bile. Due to the influence of the periampullary diverticulum, the intestinal flora will be changed and then the biliary flora will also change. Conclusion: The existence of periampullary diverticulum will affect the biliary tract flora and lead to the increase of bacteria related to stone formation, which will affect the formation of choledocholithiasis and make it easier for choledocholithiasis to form.

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Microbiological Analysis of Bile in Patients With Benign and Malignant Biliopancreatic Diseases and Its Consequences

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Microbial Profiles and Risk Factors of Preexisting Biliary Infection in Patients with Therapeutic Endoscopy

Microbial Profiles and Risk Factors of Preexisting Biliary Infection in Patients with Therapeutic Endoscopy

Association of Microbial Dysbiosis with Gallbladder Diseases Identified by Bile Microbiome Profiling

Effect of Periampullary Diverticulum on Biliary Flora and the Formation of Common Bile Duct Stone

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