Microbial Variations in Approximal Dental Plaque

Bowden, G. H.; Hardie, J. M.; Slack, G. L.

doi:10.1159/000260162

Cited by 123 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The percentages of these organisms in the plaque ranged from 0 to 7.16% (S. mutans) and from 0 to 6.95% (S. sobrinus). The range of cell numbers and percentages of these bacteria in dental plaque are similar to previous results with cell culture methods (1).…”

Section: Fig 2 Standard Curves Generated By Known Numbers Of S Mutsupporting

confidence: 88%

Development of a 5′ Nuclease-Based Real-Time PCR Assay for Quantitative Detection of Cariogenic Dental Pathogens Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus

et al. 2003

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Section: Fig 2 Standard Curves Generated By Known Numbers Of S Mutsupporting

confidence: 88%

Development of a 5′ Nuclease-Based Real-Time PCR Assay for Quantitative Detection of Cariogenic Dental Pathogens Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus

et al. 2003

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“…However, the presence of X5P does not seem to influence glucose fermentation by supragingival plaque in vivo. This might be because dental plaque covering the clinically healthy tooth surface contains only a small number of mutans streptococci (Bowden et al, 1975;Nyvad and Killian, 1990), whose acid production and growth are inhibited by X5P. Another possibility is that X5P is not as effective in vivo as in vitro.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic Effects of Xylitol and Fluoride on Plaque Biofilm in Vivo

Takahashi

Washio

2011

J Dent Res

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Dental caries is initiated by demineralization of the tooth surface through acid production from sugar by plaque biofilm. Fluoride and xylitol have been used worldwide as caries-preventive reagents, based on in vitro-proven inhibitory mechanisms on bacterial acid production. We attempted to confirm the inhibitory mechanisms of fluoride and xylitol in vivo by performing metabolome analysis on the central carbon metabolism in supragingival plaque using the combination of capillary electrophoresis and a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Fluoride (225 and 900 ppm F−) inhibited lactate production from 10% glucose by 34% and 46%, respectively, along with the increase in 3-phosphoglycerate and the decrease in phosphoenolpyruvate in the EMP pathway in supragingival plaque. These results confirmed that fluoride inhibited bacterial enolase in the EMP pathway and subsequently repressed acid production in vivo. In contrast, 10% xylitol had no effect on acid production and the metabolome profile in supragingival plaque, although xylitol 5-phosphate was produced. These results suggest that xylitol is not an inhibitor of plaque acid production but rather a non-fermentative sugar alcohol. Metabolome analyses of plaque biofilm can be applied for monitoring the efficacy of dietary components and medicines for plaque biofilm, leading to the development of effective plaque control.

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“…Strains of Actinomyces naeslundii genospecies 1 are predominant members of supragingival and subgingival dental plaque (4,45), and they routinely demonstrate low levels of urease activity on isolation (36,47). The urease gene cluster of A. naeslundii WVU45 (ATCC 12104) comprises seven contiguously arranged open reading frames (ORFs), which demonstrate significant nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence homologies to the ureA-G genes from other bacteria (31).…”

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Analysis of Urease Expression in Actinomyces naeslundii WVU45

Morou-Bermúdez

Burne

2000

Infect Immun

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The hydrolysis of urea by ureases of oral bacteria in dental plaque can cause a considerable increase in plaque pH, which can inhibit the development of dental caries. There is also indirect evidence that urea metabolism may promote the formation of calculus and that ammonia release from urea could exacerbate periodontal diseases. Actinomyces naeslundii, an early colonizer of the oral cavity and a numerically significant plaque constituent, demonstrates comparatively low levels of urease activity on isolation, so this organism has not been considered a major contributor to total oral urease activity. In this study it was observed that urease activity and urease-specific mRNA levels in A. naeslundii WVU45 can increase up to 50-fold during growth under nitrogen-limiting conditions. Using primer extension analysis, a putative, proximal, nitrogen-regulated promoter of the A. naeslundii urease gene cluster was identified. The functionality and nitrogen responsiveness of this promoter were confirmed using reporter gene fusions and 5 deletion analysis. The data indicated that regulation of urease expression by nitrogen availability in A. naeslundii may require a positive transcriptional activator. Plaque bacteria may experience nitrogen limitation when carbohydrates are present in excess. Therefore, based on the results of this study and in contrast to previous beliefs, strains of A. naeslundii may have the potential to be significant contributors to total plaque ureolysis, particularly during periods when there is an increased risk for caries development.

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Microbial Variations in Approximal Dental Plaque

Cited by 123 publications

References 12 publications

Development of a 5′ Nuclease-Based Real-Time PCR Assay for Quantitative Detection of Cariogenic Dental Pathogens Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus

Development of a 5′ Nuclease-Based Real-Time PCR Assay for Quantitative Detection of Cariogenic Dental Pathogens Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus

Metabolomic Effects of Xylitol and Fluoride on Plaque Biofilm in Vivo

Analysis of Urease Expression in Actinomyces naeslundii WVU45

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