Microbial Tyrosinases: Promising Enzymes for Pharmaceutical, Food Bioprocessing, and Environmental Industry

Zaidi, Kamal Uddin; Ali, Ayesha; Ali, Sharique A.; Naaz, Ishrat

doi:10.1155/2014/854687

Cited by 143 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 156 publications

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“…The enzyme also has many applications in food industry. The demand of enzyme has been increased in various industries 21 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steam Distillate of Murraya Koenigii as a Tyrosinase Activator

Dhondaga¹,

Ghadyale²

2018

Int. Res. J. Pharm.

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Tyrosinase (E. C. 1. 14. 18. 1) is ubiquitous enzyme involved in pigmentation that catalyses hydroxylation of monophenol's and oxidation of phenols in presence of molecular oxygen. Deterioration in tyrosinase activity is responsible for vitiligo. In current research we have isolated tyrosinase from germinating jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) seeds and partially purified it using ammonium sulphate (30%) precipitation, and this partially purified enzyme had been used as an enzyme source. Steam distillates of six plants extracts namely Murraya koenigii, Chrysopogon zizanioides and Phyllanthus emblica , Pandanus odorifer, Santalum album, Rosa rubiginosa were studied for tyrosinase activation activity. Out of that 100µg of Vetiveria zizanoides and Phyllanthus emblica increases activity by 2.5 times and Murraya koenigii (MK) by 3 times. So extract of MK (curry leaf) were studied in detail. Enzyme kinetic study showed that Murraya koenigii is mixed to non-competitive kind of activator. We had further done TLC and active purified constituent used for FTIR study. FTIR structure shows that it contains aromatic amines, activator concentration beneficial to increase tyrosinase activity in different industry. Over all this activator has lots of important in industry and pharmaceutical science.

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“…The enzyme also has many applications in food industry. The demand of enzyme has been increased in various industries 21 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steam Distillate of Murraya Koenigii as a Tyrosinase Activator

Dhondaga¹,

Ghadyale²

2018

Int. Res. J. Pharm.

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“…Eumelanin is formed through reactions from dihydroxyindole (DHI) and dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA) which are the reaction products of DOPA chrome ( Figure 1). Subsequently pheomelanin is formed by the oxidative polymerization of cysteinyl DOPA [9][10][11]. Though there are three enzymes involved in melanogenesis pathway, only tyrosinase is extremely important for melanogenesis, as it plays a key role in the process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microarray as High Throughput Tool for Tyrosinase Gene Expression Analysis

Parveen

Zaidi

Ali

et al. 2017

MOJPB

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Hyper pigmentary problems, including post inflammatory hyper pigmentation, solar lentigos, and melasma, occur widely in the human population and are thus of broad interest for control. Tyrosinase is the key enzyme of melanogenesis and it's over expression results in hyper pigmentation. Tyrosinase is not only liable to human pigmentation, but also responsible for the undesirable enzymatic browning of fruits and vegetables, which is of economic importance. So in order to get rid of the problem, inhibitors of the enzyme tyrosinase have been concerned. Advances in genomics and proteomics have opened up new possibilities for the rapid functional assignment and global characterization of proteins and DNA. Organized collection of molecules on arrays have provided a vigorous platform for rapid screening, lead discovery and eradication of molecular characterization. Nowadays, it is used for the discovery of tyrosinase inhibitor. It involves microarrays of immobilized distinct small molecules or DNA or RNA of cells treated with molecules to be tested and binding of tyrosinase proteins or TYR gene respectively. Compound is then screened and the respective compound is identified as a new small-molecule binder to tyrosinase and used it as potential tyrosinase inhibitor. Its actual binding and inhibitory effects on tyrosinase is also validated using an enzyme-based inhibition assay or other binding assays. As a rapidly maturing technology, high-throughput proteomic and genomic pave the way forward in the treatment of skin hyper pigmentation. Hence in the present review we have focused on the use of microarray technique over the conventional strategies for the elucidation of tyrosinase inhibitors.

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“…Studies on inhibition and activation of tyrosinase could prove beneficial to agricultural, food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries [1,2]. Studies on synthetic and natural substances with inhibitory potential have resulted in discovery of some strong inhibitors [3,4], as well as an understanding of some structural requirements for tyrosinase inhibition [3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, ethyl and propyl xanthate activated cresolase activity at low concentrations (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12) µM) but worked as inhibitors at higher concentrations [17]. In a different study, it was shown that some selected α-keto acids activated catecholase activity but worked as inhibitors in cresolase reaction [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%