Microbial transformations of substituted benzenes during infiltration of river water to groundwater:  laboratory column studies

Kuhn, Elmar P.; Colberg, Patricia J.S.; Schnoor, Jerald L.; Wanner, Oskar; Zehnder, Alexander J. P.; Schwarzenbach, René P.

doi:10.1021/es00140a013

Cited by 184 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…From this study they found that, as in the field, DCBs were removed under aerobic conditions but not under anaerobic conditions. In addition, the modeled rates of DCB degradation at the beginning of the aerobic portion of the experiment (0.5 -1 day 1 ) were very similar to that observed at the site (-0.4 day -1 ) (Kuhn et al, 1985). They inferred that no oxidative degradation occurred because all the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was utilized in the anaerobic portion of the plume .…”

Section: A Field Evidence For In Situ Degradation Of Dcbssupporting

confidence: 52%

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Microbially Mediated Reductive Dechlorination of Dichlorobenzene

Quistorff¹

1999

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank)2. REPORT DATE August 1999 REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVEREDFinal May 1997 -August 1999 TITLE AND SUBTITLEMicrobially Mediated Reductive Dechlorination of Dichlorobenzene AUTHOR(S)Quistorff, Anne S. FUNDING NUMBERSC: F08637-97-C-6013 P: 62202F JON: 1900B56A/2103B58A PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)Cornell The microbially mediated reductive dechlorination of 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-dichlorobenzene (DCB) was studied using site material from eight different locations. The soil and groundwater from each site were anaerobically added to multiple serum bottles and mixed. All three DCB isomers were added to each serum bottle to a total nominal concentration of 30 micro-mole per liter for some microcosms and 600 micro-mole per liter for other microcosms. In addition, electron donor in the form of yeast extract (100 mg/L) was added to some microcosms and some microcosms were autoclaved and served as abiotic controls. The microcosms were then incubated, inverted, in the dark at 24 deg C and periodically monitored by headspace injections into a gas Chromatograph system. Reductive dechlorination of the DCB isomers was noted in microcosms from five of the eight locations and ranged from 10% to nearly 100%. Additionally, in all the positive microcosms, dechlorination proceeded independent of whether yeast extract was added. Due to the rapid onset of dechlorination in some of the microcosms, it is likely that DCB dechlorination is occurring on site. Generally, 1,2-DCB was the nost readily degraded DCB isomer. 1,3-DCB was the next most readily degraded isomer, distantly followed by 1,4-DCB. Reductive dechlorination of the DCB isomers was noted in microcosms from five of the eight locations: Louisiana wetland sediment, Kelly AFB, Robins AFB at well BIA4 at both 17-and 25-foot depths and slight dechlorination for the digested sludge. The extent of MCB production from DCB dechlorination was about 10% SUBJECT TERMSfor the digested sludge and ranged from about 50% to 100% for the other microcosms. The most successful microcosms (exhibiting close to 100% transformation in some instances) were the Louisiana wetland sediment and the Robins AFB well BIA4 at 25-foot depth.Additionally, in all the positive microcosms, dechlorination proceeded independent of whether yeast extract was addedprobably because the indigeno...

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Section: A Field Evidence For In Situ Degradation Of Dcbssupporting

confidence: 52%

“…Finally, bioremediation may be faster at cleaning than pump-and-treat (National Research Council, 1994). In situ aerobic degradation of DCBs by bacteria native to contaminated sites has been documented (Kuhn et al, 1985). (Nowak et al, 1996) under anaerobic conditions.…”

Section: List Of Tablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbially Mediated Reductive Dechlorination of Dichlorobenzene

Quistorff¹

1999

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“…However, previously published laboratory aquifer column studies did not deal with residual hydrocarbons, but with easily degradable substrates such as lactate or acetate as carbon and energy source for microbial growth ( Cobb and Bouwer, 1991;Zobrist, 1992, 1993). Moreover, localization of aerobic and denitrifying processes were not reported in studies where aromatic hydrocarbons were supplied (Kuhn et al, 1985;Kuhn et al, 1988;Chen et al, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioremediation of a diesel fuel contaminated aquifer: simulation studies in laboratory aquifer columns

Hess

Höhener

Hunkeler

et al. 1996

Journal of Contaminant Hydrology

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The in situ bioremediation of aquifers contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons is commonly based on the infiltration of groundwater supplemented with oxidants (e.g., 0 2 , N0 3 ) and nutrients (e.g., NH1, Pol-). These additions stimulate the microbial activity in the aquifer and several field studies describing the resulting processes have been published. However, due to the heterogeneity of the subsurface and due to the limited number of observation wells usually available, these field data do not offer a sufficient spatial and temporal resolution. In this study, flow-through columns of 47-cm length equipped with 17 sampling ports were filled with homogeneously contaminated aquifer material from a diesel fuel contaminated in situ bioremedia tion site. The columns were operated over 96 days at 12°C with artificial groundwater supple mented with 0 2 , N0 3 and POJ-. Concentration profiles of 0 2 , N0 3 , N0 2 , dissolved inorganic and organic carbon (DIC and DOC, respectively), protein, microbial cells and total residual hydrocarbons were measured. Within the first 12 cm, corresponding to a mean groundwater residence time of < 3.6 h, a steep 0 2 decrease from 4.6 to < 0.3 mg 1-1 , denitrification, a production of DIC and DOC, high microbial cell numbers and a high removal of hydrocarbons were observed. Within a distance of 24 to 40.5 cm from the infiltration, 0 2 was below 0.1 mg 1-1 and a denitrifying activity was found. In the presence and in the absence of 0 2 , n-alkanes were preferentially degraded compared to branched alkanes. The results demonstrate that: (1) infiltra tion of aerobic groundwater into columns filled with aquifer material contaminated with hydrocar bons leads to a rapid depletion of 0 2 ; (2) 0 2 and N0 3 can serve as oxidants for the mineralization of hydrocarbons; and (3) the modelling of redox processes in aquifers has to consider denitrifying activity in presence of 0 2 . ' Corresponding author.

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“…Therefore, the first reports on bacterial hydrocarbon degradation under anaerobic conditions came as a surprise a decade ago (17,30,31). Since then, several bacterial species which are capable of metabolizing different hydrocarbons anaerobically have been isolated from various physiological groups.…”

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confidence: 99%

Anaerobic Toluene Catabolism of Thauera aromatica : the bbs Operon Codes for Enzymes of β Oxidation of the Intermediate Benzylsuccinate

Leuthner

Heider

2000

J Bacteriol

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The pathway of anaerobic toluene oxidation to benzoyl coenzyme A (benzoyl-CoA) consists of an initial reaction catalyzed by benzylsuccinate synthase, a glycyl radical enzyme adding the methyl group of toluene to the double bond of a fumarate cosubstrate, and a subsequent ␤-oxidation pathway of benzylsuccinate. Benzylsuccinate synthase has been studied in some detail, whereas the enzymes participating in ␤ oxidation of benzylsuccinate are unknown. We have investigated these enzymes by analyzing substrate-induced proteins in toluene-grown cells. Toluene-induced proteins were identified and N-terminally sequenced. Nine of these proteins are encoded by an 8.5-kb operon consisting of bbs (beta-oxidation of benzylsuccinate) genes whose products are apparently involved in the ␤-oxidation pathway of benzylsuccinate. Two of the genes, bbsE and bbsF, code for the subunits of a succinyl-CoA:benzylsuccinate CoA-transferase whose activity was previously detected in toluene-grown Thauera aromatica. The bbsG gene codes for a specific benzylsuccinyl-CoA dehydrogenase, as confirmed by overexpression of the gene in Escherichia coli and detection of enzyme activity. The further enzymes of the pathway are probably encoded by bbsH (enoyl-CoA hydratase), bbsCD (3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase), and bbsB (3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase). The operon contains two additional genes, bbsA and bbsI, for which no obvious function could be derived. The bbs operon is expressed only in toluene-grown cells and is regulated at the transcriptional level. Promoter mapping revealed a transcription start site upstream of the bbsA gene. This represents the first known promoter site in Thauera spp.

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Microbial transformations of substituted benzenes during infiltration of river water to groundwater: laboratory column studies

Cited by 184 publications

References 21 publications

Microbially Mediated Reductive Dechlorination of Dichlorobenzene

Microbially Mediated Reductive Dechlorination of Dichlorobenzene

Bioremediation of a diesel fuel contaminated aquifer: simulation studies in laboratory aquifer columns

Anaerobic Toluene Catabolism of Thauera aromatica : the bbs Operon Codes for Enzymes of β Oxidation of the Intermediate Benzylsuccinate

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