Microbial synthesis of wax esters

Soong, Ya‐Hue Valerie; Zhao, Le; Liu, Na; Yu, Peng; López, Carmen Trinidad; Olson, Andrew; Wong, Hsi‐Wu; Shao, Zengyi; Xie, Dongming

doi:10.1016/j.ymben.2021.08.002

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Through scaled-up fermentation, the titer of WEs increased to 2.0 g/L ( Gao et al, 2020 ). Soong et al (2021) used waste cooking oil as the carbon substrate of an engineered Y. lipolytica cell factory containing WS and FAR, and enabled the production of medium-chain WEs with a titer of 7.6 g/L. These strategies may enable large-scale biomanufacturing of jojoba-like WEs in the future and potentially lay a solid foundation to produce other WEs containing very-long-chain FAs.…”

Section: Pathway Design and Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Commercial WEs from different sources have different applications. In general, WEs with longer chains are more valuable, since quantities are limited, and in the main are extracted from a few species of plants or animals [e.g., desert shrub jojoba and sperm whale] ( Soong et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the past few decades, microbial production routes have offered new opportunities for producing various fatty acid alkyl esters with different chain length distribution and considerable progress has been made ( Steen et al, 2010 ; Soong et al, 2021 ). Within these cell factories, yeast cells are promising alternative hosts for the production of such esters due to their robust growth under harsh fermentation conditions such as low pH levels, and a high tolerance against phage contamination and various toxic inhibitors ( Krivoruchko et al, 2011 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Studies in Constructing Yeast Cell Factories for the Production of Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters

Zhang

Guo

Yang

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Fatty acid alkyl esters have broad applications in biofuels, lubricant formulas, paints, coatings, and cosmetics. Traditionally, these esters are mostly produced through unsustainable and energy-intensive processes. In contrast, microbial production of esters from renewable and sustainable feedstocks may provide a promising alternative and has attracted widespread attention in recent years. At present, yeasts are used as ideal hosts for producing such esters, due to their availability for high-density fermentation, resistance to phage infection, and tolerance against toxic inhibitors. Here, we summarize recent development on the biosynthesis of alkyl esters, including fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs), fatty acid short-branched chain alkyl esters (FASBEs), and wax esters (WEs) by various yeast cell factories. We focus mainly on the enzyme engineering strategies of critical wax ester synthases, and the pathway engineering strategies employed for the biosynthesis of various ester products. The bottlenecks that limit productivity and their potential solutions are also discussed in this review.

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Section: Pathway Design and Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Studies in Constructing Yeast Cell Factories for the Production of Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters

Zhang

Guo

Yang

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Furthermore, these compounds are highly biodegradable and nontoxic. 5,7,8 In nature, they are present in fruit peels, skin lipids, sheep wool, and seabird feathers. They can also be extracted from a variety of natural sources; for example, bee hives, jojoba and carnauba seeds, and whale sperm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic production of wax esters by esterification using lipase immobilized via physical adsorption on functionalized rice husk silica as biocatalyst

Machado

Sabi

Hirata

et al. 2023

Biotech and App Biochem

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The present study consists of developing an enzymatic process for the production of wax esters (lauryl stearate and cetyl stearate) by esterification in a heptane medium. Lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) immobilized via interfacial activation on silica particles from rice husks functionalized with triethoxy(octyl)silane (TLL–Octyl–SiO2) was used as biocatalyst. Maximum immobilized protein loading of around 22 mg g−1 (that corresponds to an immobilization yield of ≈55%) of support was observed using an initial protein loading of 40 mg g−1 of Octyl–SiO2. Its hydrolytic activity (olive oil emulsion hydrolysis) was of 620 U g−1 of biocatalyst. The effect of certain factors on the cetyl estearate production was evaluated using a central composite rotatable design (CCDR). Under optimal conditions (64°C, 21% of mass of biocatalyst per volume of reaction mixture, 170 rpm, and stoichiometric acid:alcohol molar ratio 1 mol L−1 of each reactant), maximum acid conversion percentage of 91% was observed after 60 min of reaction. Lauryl stearate was also produced under such conditions, and an acid conversion of 93% after 60 min of reaction was also achieved. Free lipase exhibited acid conversion of only 15%–20% for both reaction mixtures. After nine successive esterification batches, TLL–Octyl–SiO2 retained 85%–90% of its original activity. These results show the promising use of the prepared biocatalyst in wax esters production due to its high catalytic activity and reusability.

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“…Aside from its GRAS status, it also exhibits its robustness and good performance that can be able to grow on variable substrates [ 18 , 19 ]. Up to date, Y. lipolytica has successfully transformed WCO to produce a variety of compounds, such as very long chain fatty acids [ 20 ], fatty acid ethyl esters [ 21 , 22 ], wax esters [ 23 ] and limonene [ 24 ]. As a result, WCO is considered to be a promising and cheap carbon source while few studies were related to precise regulation of metabolic pathways and key targets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-yield α-humulene production in Yarrowia lipolytica from waste cooking oil based on transcriptome analysis and metabolic engineering

et al. 2022

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Background α-Humulene is an important biologically active sesquiterpene, whose heterologous production in microorganisms is a promising alternative biotechnological process to plant extraction and chemical synthesis. In addition, the reduction of production expenses is also an extremely critical factor in the sustainable and industrial production of α-humulene. In order to meet the requirements of industrialization, finding renewable substitute feedstocks such as low cost or waste substrates for terpenoids production remains an area of active research. Results In this study, we investigated the feasibility of peroxisome-engineering strain to utilize waste cooking oil (WCO) for high production of α-humulene while reducing the cost. Subsequently, transcriptome analysis revealed differences in gene expression levels with different carbon sources. The results showed that single or combination regulations of target genes identified by transcriptome were effective to enhance the α-humulene titer. Finally, the engineered strain could produce 5.9 g/L α‐humulene in a 5‐L bioreactor. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that converted WCO to α-humulene in peroxisome-engineering strain. These findings provide valuable insights into the high-level production of α-humulene in Y. lipolytica and its utilization in WCO bioconversion. Graphical Abstract

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Microbial synthesis of wax esters

Cited by 25 publications

References 104 publications

The Studies in Constructing Yeast Cell Factories for the Production of Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters

The Studies in Constructing Yeast Cell Factories for the Production of Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters

Enzymatic production of wax esters by esterification using lipase immobilized via physical adsorption on functionalized rice husk silica as biocatalyst

High-yield α-humulene production in Yarrowia lipolytica from waste cooking oil based on transcriptome analysis and metabolic engineering

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