Microbial synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and their importance in wastewater treatment and antimicrobial activities: a review

Abstract

Nanotechnology (NT) and nanoparticles (NPs) have left a huge impact on every field of science today, but they have shown tremendous importance in the fields of cosmetics and environmental cleanup. NPs with photocatalytic effects have shown positive responses in wastewater treatment, cosmetics, and the biomedical field. The chemically synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) utilize hazardous chemicals to obtain the desired-shaped TiO2. So, microbial-based synthesis of TiO2 NPs has gained popularity due to its eco-friendly nature, biocompatibility, etc. Being NPs, TiO2 NPs have a high surface area-to-volume ratio in addition to their photocatalytic degradation nature. In the present review, the authors have emphasized the microbial (algae, bacterial, fungi, and virus-mediated) synthesis of TiO2 NPs. Furthermore, authors have exhibited the importance of TiO2 NPs in the food sector, automobile, aerospace, medical, and environmental cleanup.

Synthesis and characterization of titanium dioxide nanoparticles from Bacillus subtilis MTCC 8322 and its application for the removal of methylene blue and orange G dyes under UV light and visible light

“…These charged functional groups act as binding sites for the Ti 3+ ions. The reduction steps take place either on the cell wall or in the periplasmic space of the bacteria ( Rathore et al, 2023 ). A team led by Jayaseelan et al (2013) and Jha et al (2009) also proposed a similar mechanism for the formation of TiO 2 NPs from Lactobacillus sps, and Aeromonas hydrophila respectively ( Jayaseelan et al, 2013 ).…”

“…Another small intensity band at 2056 cm -1 is attributed to the C≡N, stretching frequencies indicating the presence of biomolecules from the supernatant. The broadband with a center at 3,431 cm -1 is attributed to the OH bond of an alcohol group, or a hydrogen-bonded water molecule ( Chelladurai et al, 2013 ; Rathore et al, 2023 ).…”

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles by Aspergillus niger DS22 and Its Potential Application in Medical Fields

“…Moreover, AbdElmohsen (2020) used the fungal biomass of Aspergillus tubingensis in the synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Optimization of culture conditions for maximizing total protein secretion for titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs) biosynthesis by Aspergillus niger DS22 (ON076463.1) Previous studies showed the secretion of some proteins into the medium by the fungi might play an important role in the biotransformation and reduction of titanium ions into the TiO 2 nanoparticles, also capping protein which encapsulates the formed nanoparticles increasing the stabilization of TiO 2 NPs Rathore et al, 2023). Herin, the results recorded in (Supplementary Materials Table S1) concluded different culture conditions affecting total protein (mg/mL) secreted by Aspergillus niger DS22 (ON076463.1).…”