Microbial responses to fluctuation of soil aeration status and redox conditions

Picek, Tomáš; Šimek, Miloslav; Šantrůčková, Hana

doi:10.1007/s003740050662

Cited by 57 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Because of the importance of soil oxygen availability to microbial metabolism, spatial shifts in microbial physiology are traditionally thought to occur along gradients of soil redox potential. As soil redox potential decreases, the dominance of functional groups shifts (1,43,58). Ludemann et al (33) demonstrated such a pattern in paddy soils by using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP); others have also measured similar patterns in seasonal bacterial communities and functional changes in salt marshes (16,27).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…However, the frequency of redox shifts may have a strong effect on community development and function, analogous to the effects that drying and rewetting events have on soil microbial biomass and activity (18) or that temperature fluctuations have on heterotrophic respiration and methane production (59). Several recent studies have shown that shifting redox patterns can affect ecosystem processes such as methane efflux (47), glucose respiration (43), and nitrification and denitrification (16). These redox shifts can occur on very short (hourly or daily) (47) to longer (monthly or seasonally) time scales (57); however, the sensitivity of microbial communities to repeated redox cycling has not been investigated.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Ludemann et al (33) demonstrated such a pattern in paddy soils by using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP); others have also measured similar patterns in seasonal bacterial communities and functional changes in salt marshes (16,27). Studies of such changes in uplands soils are rare, although Picek et al (43) observed that microbial biomass, C mineralization, and glucose consumption were sensitive to 48-h redox shifts in a Czech field soil.…”

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Redox Fluctuation Structures Microbial Communities in a Wet Tropical Soil

Pett‐Ridge

Firestone

2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

226

149

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Frequent high-amplitude redox fluctuation may be a strong selective force on the phylogenetic and physiological composition of soil bacterial communities and may promote metabolic plasticity or redox tolerance mechanisms. To determine effects of fluctuating oxygen regimens, we incubated tropical soils under four treatments: aerobic, anaerobic, 12-h oxic/anoxic fluctuation, and 4-day oxic/anoxic fluctuation. Changes in soil bacterial community structure and diversity were monitored with terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) fingerprints. These profiles were correlated with gross N cycling rates, and a Web-based phylogenetic assignment tool was used to infer putative community composition from multiple fragment patterns. T-RFLP ordinations indicated that bacterial communities from 4-day oxic/anoxic incubations were most similar to field communities, whereas those incubated under consistently aerobic or anaerobic regimens developed distinctly different molecular profiles. Terminal fragments found in field soils persisted either in 4-day fluctuation/aerobic conditions or in anaerobic/12-h treatments but rarely in both. Only 3 of 179 total fragments were ubiquitous in all soils. Soil bacterial communities inferred from in silico phylogenetic assignment appeared to be dominated by Actinobacteria (especially Micrococcus and Streptomycetes), "Bacilli," "Clostridia," and Burkholderia and lost significant diversity under consistently or frequently anoxic incubations. Community patterns correlated well with redox-sensitive processes such as nitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), and denitrification but did not predict patterns of more general functions such as N mineralization and consumption. The results suggest that this soil's indigenous bacteria are highly adapted to fluctuating redox regimens and generally possess physiological tolerance mechanisms which allow them to withstand unfavorable redox periods.Oxygen is the primary terminal electron acceptor for the respiratory processes of most upland soil microorganisms (41); it is a critical determinant of both soil redox status and the physiological pathways available to bacteria and fungi mediating C and N cycles. As soil redox (pE) decreases, dominant element transformations are generally assumed to shift in a well-defined succession from high-energy-yield processes to those that release less energy for microbial growth. This idea, that biological metabolism should follow the electrochemical constraints of a system, is a relatively old concept; it was first described in 1960 (1) and later supported by studies of waterlogged sediments, aquifers (11, 32), and rice paddies (56). In all of these cases, changes in redox potential occur gradually over time and/or space.In upland humid tropical forests, soils have been found to experience rapid redox fluctuations (51). In these ecosystems, the combination of high C availability, warm temperatures, abundant rainfall, clay soils with high water-holding capacity, and high metaboli...

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Redox Fluctuation Structures Microbial Communities in a Wet Tropical Soil

Pett‐Ridge

Firestone

2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

226

149

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“…Agricultural soils (except for flooded rice fields) are usually water unsaturated and aerated. Nonetheless, anoxic microzones, e.g., in water-saturated soil pores, with low concentrations of O 2 and low redox potential occur, in which anaerobic microbial activities can take place (7,22,32,34). Alternative electron acceptors, such as nitrate, manganese oxide, or ferric iron, are utilized in anoxic zones, and redox potentials may drop to negative values (11,31).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…For example, although glucose consumption rates in aerated soil can vary in response to redox potential, the overall capacity of the microbial biome to consume glucose is independent of redox potential (34,39). Also, the availability of O 2 does not appreciably affect nitrogen turnover rates in tropical forest soil, even though the presence or absence of O 2 engages different members of the microbial community that are involved in nitrogen turnover (32,33).…”

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Functionally Redundant Cellobiose-Degrading Soil Bacteria Respond Differentially to Oxygen

Schellenberger

Drake

Kolb

2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The availability of oxygen (O 2 ) in aerated (i.e., water-unsaturated) soils affects the metabolic activities of aerobic and anaerobic soil prokaryotes that degrade plant-derived saccharides. Fluctuating availabilities of O 2 were imposed on agricultural soil slurries supplemented with cellobiose. Slurries were subjected to oxic conditions (48 h), followed by an anoxic period (120 h) and a final oxic period (24 h). Redox potential was stable at 500 mV during oxic periods but decreased rapidly (within 10 h) under anoxic conditions to ؊330 mV. The consumption of cellobiose occurred without apparent delay at all redox potentials. The metabolic activities of seven previously identified saccharolytic family-level taxa of the investigated soil were measured with newly designed quantitative PCR assays targeting the 16S rRNA. Four taxa responded to the experimental conditions. The amounts of rRNAs of Micrococcaceae and Cellulomonadaceae (Actinobacteria) increased under oxic conditions. In contrast, the RNA contents of Clostridiaceae (cluster I, Firmicutes) and two uncultured familylevel-taxa, i.e., "Cellu" and "Sphingo" (both Bacteroidetes) increased under anoxic conditions. That the degradation of cellobiose was independent of the availability of O 2 and that redox potentials decreased in response to anaerobic activities indicated that the degradation of cellobiose was linked to functionally redundant cellobiose-degrading taxa capable of altering redox conditions.

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Comparison of redox potential dynamics in a diked marsh soil: 1990 to 1993 versus 2011 to 2014

Dorau

Mansfeldt

2016

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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As revealed by an earlier study, young diked marsh soils on the west coast of Schleswig‐Holstein (Germany) are characterized by pronounced redox potential (EH) dynamics. Since soil forming processes occur over a short period of time in these man‐made environments, the impact of pedogenesis on EH was examined by comparing the EH dynamics measured from November 1989 to October 1993 (weekly measurements) with those measured from November 2010 to October 2014 (hourly measurements) at the same study site in Polder Speicherkoog, Northern Germany. In addition, the necessity for high resolution EH measurements was assessed as well as the impact of climate change on EH. Redox potentials were determined in both monitoring campaigns with permanently installed platinum electrodes at 10, 30, 60, 100, and 150 cm soil depths. Soil properties were determined in November 1989 and in August 2013. In 24 years of soil formation, bulk density was demonstrated to increase by 28.5% and 33.3% in 10 and 20 cm depths, respectively, and the sulfide‐bearing Protothionic horizon lowered from 105 to 135 cm below surface level. Overall, EH dynamics were similar at all soil depths during both study periods with topsoil compaction not affecting EH. Annual alterations of EH were primarily driven by the variable climatic water balance (CWB) and by the corresponding water table (WT) fluctuations. These fluctuations resulted in occasional aeration of the subsoil and subsequent oxidation of sulfides. A forecast of CWB to 2100 predicts an intensified WT drawdown by elevated evapotranspiration rates that should amplify sulfide oxidation. To deduce the soil redox status on a seasonal or annual scale, readings taken at daily intervals are sufficient. To identify biogeochemical processes, it is necessary to monitor EH on an hourly basis because increases in EH values of up to 540 mV have been observed within a 24 hour period in temporarily waterlogged horizons.

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Microbial responses to fluctuation of soil aeration status and redox conditions

Cited by 57 publications

References 22 publications

Redox Fluctuation Structures Microbial Communities in a Wet Tropical Soil

Redox Fluctuation Structures Microbial Communities in a Wet Tropical Soil

Functionally Redundant Cellobiose-Degrading Soil Bacteria Respond Differentially to Oxygen

Comparison of redox potential dynamics in a diked marsh soil: 1990 to 1993 versus 2011 to 2014

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