“…Moreover, both Noctiluca (Zhang et al, 2017) and M. leidyi (Leonardi, 2020) excrete sticky mucus to trap food, while the surface epithelium of M. leidyi is also covered in mucus (Hammann, 2012). All that material was reported to be readily taken up by heterotrophic marine bacteria (Paliaga et al, 2021;Zhang et al, 2017), indicating a pool of labile OM. On the other hand, when we consider the whole bloom phenomena, for some dinoflagellates, a shift in labile OM was noted only early in the blooming phase and became more refractory toward the final stage (Park et al, 2022), whereas for M. leidyi, the final stage is only reported to add more labile material (Budiša et al, 2022;Condon et al, 2010).…”