Microbial reduction of graphene oxide by Escherichia coli: A green chemistry approach

Gurunathan, Sangiliyandi; Han, Jung Soo; Eppakayala, Vasuki; Kim, Jin‐Hoi

doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.09.011

Cited by 181 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…8,[32][33][34][35] In a typical synthesis process, natural Gt powder (2 g) was added to cooled (0°C) H 2 SO 4 (350 mL), and then KMnO 4 (8 g) and NaNO 3 (1 g) were added gradually while stirring. The mixture was transferred to a 40°C water bath and stirred for 60 minutes.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Gomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8,[32][33][34][35] In typical synthesis, a mixed aqueous solution containing GO (1 mg/mL) and GE (1 mg/mL) was ultrasonicated for 15 minutes and the mixture was maintained at 40°C for 24 hours. The change of color from yellow-brown to black took place after 24 hours, whereas no color change was observed either in the solution kept without GO or in culture filtrate alone.…”

Section: Reduction Of Go By Gementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[32][33][34][35] Ultraviolet-visible (UVvis) spectra were recorded using a WPA Biowave II spectrophotometer (Biochrom, Cambridge, UK). The particle sizes of the GO and GE-rGO dispersions were measured using a Zetasizer Nano ZS90 instrument (Malvern Instruments, Malvern, UK).…”

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,9 Earlier, several studies reported the production of graphene using various biological systems, such as bacterial respiration, 25 poly(allylamine), 26 potassium hydroxide, 27 polyvinyl pyrrolidone, 28 ascorbic acid, 29 sugar, 30 and baker's yeast. 31 Recently, we and other researchers developed a greener approach for synthesis of graphene using various bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, 7,32 Escherichia fergusonii, 33 and Bacillus marisflavi. 34 The application of graphene materials is dependent on physicochemical properties such as particulate state, number of layers, surface functional groups, surface charge, and size and shape.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An in vitro evaluation of graphene oxide reduced by Ganoderma spp. in human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231)

Gurunathan¹,

Han²,

Park³

et al. 2014

IJN

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Background Recently, graphene and graphene-related materials have attracted much attention due their unique properties, such as their physical, chemical, and biocompatibility properties. This study aimed to determine the cytotoxic effects of graphene oxide (GO) that is reduced biologically using Ganoderma spp. mushroom extracts in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Methods Herein, we describe a facile and green method for the reduction of GO using extracts of Ganoderma spp. as a reducing agent. GO was reduced without any hazardous chemicals in an aqueous solution, and the reduced GO was characterized using a range of analytical procedures. The Ganoderma extract (GE)-reduced GO (GE-rGO) was characterized by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Furthermore, the toxicity of GE-rGO was evaluated using a sequence of assays such as cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase leakage, and reactive oxygen species generation in human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). Results The preliminary characterization of reduction of GO was confirmed by the red-shifting of the absorption peak for GE-rGO to 265 nm from 230 nm. The size of GO and GE-rGO was found to be 1,880 and 3,200 nm, respectively. X-ray diffraction results confirmed that reduction processes of GO and the processes of removing intercalated water molecules and the oxide groups. The surface functionalities and chemical natures of GO and GE-rGO were confirmed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The surface morphologies of the synthesized graphene were analyzed using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. Raman spectroscopy revealed single- and multilayer properties of GE-rGO. Atomic force microscopy images provided evidence for the formation of graphene. Furthermore, the effect of GO and GE-rGO was examined using a series of assays, such as cell viability, membrane integrity, and reactive oxygen species generation, which are key molecules involved in apoptosis. The results obtained from cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase assay suggest that GO and GE-rGO cause dose-dependent toxicity in the cells. Interestingly, it was found that biologically derived GE-rGO is more toxic to cancer cells than GO. Conclusion We describe a simple, green, nontoxic, and cost-effective approach to producing graphene using mushroom extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The proposed method could enable synthesis of graphene with potential biological and biomedical applications such as in cancer and angiogenic disorders. To our knowledge, this is the first report using mushroom extract as a reducing agent for the synthesis of graphene. Mushroom...

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Section: Synthesis Of Gomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reduction Of Go By Gementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An in vitro evaluation of graphene oxide reduced by Ganoderma spp. in human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231)

Gurunathan¹,

Han²,

Park³

et al. 2014

IJN

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“…(Lim et al, 2012;Bykkam et al, 2013); plant pathogen e.g., Xanthomonas oryzae and against fungi e.g., C. albicans and C. tropical (Li et al, 2013). Also several studies demonstrated and developed an environment friendly, cost effective, simple method and green approaches for the reduction of GO using microbial cells such as E. coli, Shewanella and Yeast (Gurunathan et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2011;Khanra et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Oxide as Antimicrobial Against Two Gram-Positive and Two Gram-Negative Bacteria in Addition to One Fungus

Al‐Thani¹,

Patan²,

Al-Maadeed³

2014

OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences

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Graphene based materials have wide potential applications in biology, biomedical, agriculture environmental and biotechnology. Graphene Oxide (GO) is one of those materials and has a promising substance as antimicrobial agents. GO in this study was prepared by a modified Hummers method and was characterized by different techniques for confirmation of formation of GO. To study the antimicrobial activities of GO, it was tested against these microorganisms, one eukaryotic fungus (Candida albicans, C. albicans) two Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli (E. coli) ATCC 41570 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) ATCC 25619) and two Gram positive bacteria (Streptococcus faecalis (S. faecalis) ATCC 19433 and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) ATCC 11632). Anti-microbial activity of GO was detected by spectrophotometer as indirect method to measure the growth and viable cell count as direct method. Readings were taken at successive incubated times. Results revealed that GO has antibacterial and anti-fungal activity against microorganisms used in this study. In conculosion the developed GO exhibit excellent antimicrobial property and GO affects more on Gram positive bacteria than Gram negative bacteria and fungi.

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Biosynthesis of Metal Nanoparticles and Graphene

Sur

2016

Advanced Surface Engineering Materials

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Microbial reduction of graphene oxide by Escherichia coli: A green chemistry approach

Cited by 181 publications

References 51 publications

An in vitro evaluation of graphene oxide reduced by Ganoderma spp. in human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231)

An in vitro evaluation of graphene oxide reduced by Ganoderma spp. in human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231)

Graphene Oxide as Antimicrobial Against Two Gram-Positive and Two Gram-Negative Bacteria in Addition to One Fungus

Biosynthesis of Metal Nanoparticles and Graphene

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