Microbial Quality of the Nation's Ground-Water Resources, 1993-2004

Embrey, S.S.; Runkle, D.L.

doi:10.3133/sir20065290

Cited by 33 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Overall, fecal-indicator microorganisms were detected in about 12 percent of 353 source-water samples from public wells. A complete description of NAWQA's microbiological sampling program and national results for groundwater samples collected from various well types during 1993-2004 was provided by Embrey and Runkle (2006). About two-thirds of the samples analyzed for fecal-indicator microorganisms in this study were included in the study by Embrey and Runkle (2006), so the results from these two studies are similar.…”

Section: Fecal-indicator Microorganismsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…All samples were collected at the wellhead (the point at which the groundwater exits the well, near the land surface) before any treatment or blending that potentially could alter contaminant concentrations. All samples were collected by USGS personnel using prescribed field protocols described elsewhere (Koterba and others, 1995;Embrey and Runkle, 2006;Gilliom and others, 2006;Moran and others, 2006; U.S. Geological Survey, variously dated). DeSimone (2009) provides a detailed description of USGS sampling and analytical methods used for groundwater samples.…”

Section: Sample Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chemical contaminants (major ions, trace elements, nutrients, radionuclides, pesticide compounds, VOCs) were analyzed using approved USGS methods at the USGS National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) in Denver, Colorado. Water samples for analyses of fecal-indicator bacteria were processed within 6 hours of collection and analyzed using membrane-filtration methods by the sampling teams (Embrey and Runkle, 2006;Myers and others, 2007). Samples for the analyses of coliphage were shipped to the USGS Ohio Water Microbiological Laboratory within 24 hours of collection or on the same day of collection, and were analyzed using USEPA's method 1601, a two-step enrichment procedure (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2001a).…”

Section: Sample Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quality of Source Water from Public-Supply Wells in the United States, 1993-2007

Toccalino¹,

Norman²,

Hitt³

2010

Scientific Investigations Report

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For more information on the USGS-the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1-888-ASK-USGS For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprodTo order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report.Suggested citation: Toccalino, P.L., Norman, J.E., and Hitt, K.J., 2010, Quality of source water from public-supply wells in the United States, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010 p. Additional information about this study is available at http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/studies/public_wells/.iii Foreword The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is committed to providing the Nation with reliable scientific information that helps to enhance and protect the overall quality of life and that facilitates effective management of water, biological, energy, and mineral resources (http://www.usgs.gov). Information on the Nation's water resources is critical to ensuring long-term availability of water that is safe for drinking and recreation and is suitable for industry, irrigation, and fish and wildlife. Population growth and increasing demands for water make the availability of that water, now measured in terms of quantity and quality, even more essential to the long-term sustainability of our communities and ecosystems.The USGS implemented the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program in 1991 to support national, regional, state, and local information needs and decisions related to water-quality management and policy (http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa). The NAWQA Program is designed to answer: What is the quality of our Nation's streams and groundwater? How are conditions changing over time? How do natural features and human activities affect the quality of streams and groundwater, and where are those effects most pronounced? By combining information on water chemistry, physical characteristics, stream habitat, and aquatic life, the NAWQA Program aims to provide science-based insights for current and emerging water issues and priorities. From 1991From -2001, the NAWQA Program completed interdisciplinary assessments and established a baseline understanding of water-quality conditions in 51 of the Nation's river basins and aquifers, referred to as Study Units (http://water. usgs.gov/nawqa/studyu.html).National and regional assessments are ongoing in the second decade (2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012) of the NAWQA Program as 42 of the 51 Study Units are selectively reassessed. These assessments extend the findings in the Study Units by determining status and trends a...

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Section: Fecal-indicator Microorganismsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Sample Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sample Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Quality of Source Water from Public-Supply Wells in the United States, 1993-2007

Toccalino¹,

Norman²,

Hitt³

2010

Scientific Investigations Report

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“…The percentage of wells used for drinking water in which E. coli was detected (25 percent) was much higher than the percentage of public-and domestic-supply wells sampled nationally in which the bacterium was detected (6 percent). (26) The Piedmont and Blue Ridge carbonate-and Valley and Ridge carbonate-rock aquifers ranked among the highest in the Nation for the percentage of samples with concentrations of nitrate that exceeded the MCL of 10 mg/L as N. The percentage of wells in the Piedmont and Blue Ridge crystalline-rock aquifers with exceedances of the proposed MCL and AMCL for radon also was high relative to the percentage of wells sampled nationally.…”

Section: How Findings Compare With Those Across the Nationmentioning

confidence: 92%

The quality of our nation's waters: water quality in the Principal Aquifers of the Piedmont, Blue Ridge, and Valley and Ridge regions, eastern United States, 1993-2009

Lindsey¹,

Zimmerman²,

Chapman³

et al. 2015

Circular

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For more information on the USGS-the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment-visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1-888-ASK-USGS. For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprodTo order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items must be secured from the copyright owner. ForewordThe United States has made major investments in assessing, managing, regulating, and conserving natural resources, such as water and a variety of ecosystems. Sustaining the quality of the Nation's water resources and the health of our diverse ecosystems depends on the availability of sound water-resources data and information to develop effective, science-based policies. Effective management of water resources also brings more certainty and efficiency to important economic sectors. Taken together, these actions lead to immediate and long-term economic, social, and environmental benefits that make a difference to the lives of millions of people (http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/applications/).Two decades ago, Congress established the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program to meet this need. Since then NAWQA has served as a primary source of nationally consistent information on the quality of the Nation's streams and groundwater, on ways in which water quality changes over time, and on the natural features and human activities affecting the quality of streams and groundwater. Objective and reliable data, systematic scientific studies, and models are used to characterize where, when, and why the Nation's water quality is degraded-and what can be done to improve and protect the water for human and ecosystem needs. This information is critical to our future because the Nation faces an increasingly complex and growing need for clean water to support people, economic growth, and healthy ecosystems. For example, NAWQA findings for public-supply wells, which provide water to about 105 million people, showed that 22 percent of source-water samples contained at least one contaminant at levels of potential health concern. Similarly, 23 percent of samples from domestic (or privately owned) wells, which supply untreated water to an additional 43 million people, also had contaminant levels of potential concern.This report is one of a collection of publications that describe water-quality conditions in selected Principal Aquifers of the United States (http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/studies/praq/). The collection is part of the series "The Quality of Our Nation's Waters," which describes major findings of the NAWQA Program on water-quality issues of...

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“…Sampling was done according to the sampling standard protocols. 18,19,20 Water samples (labelled as C) were collected into acid-washed 1 L polypropylene bottles which were wrapped in black plastic bags to prevent direct exposure of the samples to light and stored in the refrigerator at 4 °C prior to analysis.…”

Section: Sampling and Field Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and speciation modelling of cyanide in effluent from an active slimes dam

Bakatula¹,

Tutu²

2016

S.Afr.j.chem.

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The utilization of cyanide in the process of gold extraction is an environmental concern as this pollutant is discharged with the tailings. The distribution and fate of cyanide in the environment upon release from the tailings dumps depends on its physical-chemical speciation. its immediate environment following its release from slimes dams, an issue of concern as some residential areas have developed in the proximity of such facilities. The major highlight of this work has been the comprehensive characterization of cyanide speciation by using geochemical modelling to complement analytical techniques. This is important in understanding the potential risk posed by this pollutant.

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Microbial Quality of the Nation's Ground-Water Resources, 1993-2004

Cited by 33 publications

References 2 publications

Quality of Source Water from Public-Supply Wells in the United States, 1993-2007

Quality of Source Water from Public-Supply Wells in the United States, 1993-2007

The quality of our nation's waters: water quality in the Principal Aquifers of the Piedmont, Blue Ridge, and Valley and Ridge regions, eastern United States, 1993-2009

Characterization and speciation modelling of cyanide in effluent from an active slimes dam

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