Microbial quality of domestic and imported brands of bottled water in Trinidad

Bharath, J.; Mosodeen, M.; Motilal, S.; Sandy, Semuel; Sharma, Sunil Kumar; Tessaro, T.; Thomas, Kyla H; Umamaheswaran, M.; Simeon, Donald; Adesiyun, Abiodun A.

doi:10.1016/s0168-1605(02)00193-9

Cited by 59 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…However, the prevalence of faecal coliform bacteria in our samples was slightly higher, although it was restricted to one domestic brand. We observed significantly higher levels of HPC in domestic brands when compared with imported brands of mineral water, which was similar to previous observations (Bharath et al 2003). The significant difference in the HPC load of imported and domestic bottled mineral water could be a result of the stringent quality standards set for bottled water destined for export.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

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Bacteriological quality and risk assessment of the imported and domestic bottled mineral water sold in Fiji

Zeenat

Hatha

Viola

et al. 2009

Journal of Water and Health

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Considering the popularity of bottled mineral water among indigenous Fijians and tourists alike, a study was carried out to determine the bacteriological quality of different bottled waters. A risk assessment was also carried out. Seventy-five samples of bottled mineral water belonging to three domestic brands and 25 samples of one imported brand were analysed for heterotrophic plate count (HPC) bacteria and faecal coliforms. HPC counts were determined at 228C and 378C using R2A medium and a membrane filtration technique was used to determine the faecal coliform (FC) load in 100 ml of water on mFC agar. Between 28 and 68% of the samples of the various domestic brands failed to meet the WHO standard of 100 colony forming units (cfu) per 100 ml at 228C and 7% of these also tested positive for faecal coliforms. All imported bottled mineral water samples were within WHO standards. A risk assessment of the HPC bacteria was carried out in terms of beta haemolytic activity and antibiotic resistance. More than 50% of the isolates showed beta haemolytic activity and were multi-drug resistant. While the overall quality of the product was generally good, there is a need to enforce stringent quality standards for the domestic bottlers to ensure the safety of consumers.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Our results were comparable to the bacteriological quality of imported and domestic brands of bottled water sold in Trinidad, West Indies (Bharath et al 2003). However, the prevalence of faecal coliform bacteria in our samples was slightly higher, although it was restricted to one domestic brand.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Bacteriological quality and risk assessment of the imported and domestic bottled mineral water sold in Fiji

Zeenat

Hatha

Viola

et al. 2009

Journal of Water and Health

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“…In a similar study in Zimbabwe, a total of sixty samples of bottled water processed locally were analyzed; four (6.7%) and seven (11.7%) samples were found to exceed the recommended maximum total viable and coliform counts, respectively [18]. A cross-sectional study conducted to determine the microbial quality of domestic and imported brands of bottled water available in Trinidad concluded that based on the recommended zero tolerance for coliforms in potable water, 5% of bottled water sold in Trinidad could be considered unfit for human consumption [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriological quality of bottled water sold on the Ghanaian market

Addo¹,

Mensah²,

Donkor³

et al. 2009

African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development

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Consumption of bottled water is increasing rapidly in developing countries especially among the middle and high income earners as it is generally perceived to be pure, clean and of good quality. This has led to the sale of different brands of bottled water on the Ghanaian market. Although disease outbreaks due to contaminated bottled water are rare, any contamination may pose a unique hazard because of the widespread distribution. Bacteriological contamination of bottled water can occur through the bottling process or as a result of storage for long periods at room temperatures or higher. Since bottled water may be consumed by a wide range of people including the elderly, children and pregnant women, its safety must always be assured. The bacteriological quality of the current 7 brands of bottled water on the Ghanaian market was tested over a period of 10 weeks. Ten different batches of each brand was randomly selected and purchased from the market making a total of 70 samples. Sampling was done weekly in July-September 2007 and bacteriological examination conducted by multiple tube fermentation method to detect the presence of total coliforms, faecal coliforms and Escherichia coli. Results obtained were analyzed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) standards and guidelines for drinking water. Using the Most Probable Number (MPN) Index for various combination of positive and negative results, an MPN value of less than two (<2) total and faecal coliform were recorded for all the 70 samples of bottled water. The results showed that the bacteriological quality of the seven brands of bottled water samples analyzed was within the acceptable limits set by WHO guidelines and therefore safe for human consumption. However, more extensive surveillance of the bottled water industries and stringent regulations should be developed and enforced to ensure that the standards recorded in this study are maintained.

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“…In the last 30 years, the use of bottled water has been growing in many nations (21,22). The packed water is divided into two groups of mineral water and bottled water (23,24). In many studies, the concentration of heavy metals in bottled water and their carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks in different age groups have been measured (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Non-carcinogenic Risk of Cadmium in Bottled Water in Different Age Groups Humans: Bandar Abbas City, Iran

Fakhri¹,

Jafarzadeh²,

Moradi³

et al. 2015

Mater Sociomed

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Introduction: The presence of heavy metals such as cadmium in drinking water resources can be dangerous for human because of toxicity and biological accumulation. The consumption of water which contains Cd in high concentration can lead to Bone and Kidney diseases. Material and Methods: In this present study, the researcher collected 432 samples of bottled water in the popular marks in summer and winter from the surface of Bandar Abbas. The cadmium concentration was measured by atomic absorption Spectrophotometer in model DR2800 through the Dithizone method. CDI, R and HQ which are caused by Cd for adult men, women and children, have been calculated and evaluated through the equations of EPA and WHO. Results: Mean of 1.73±0.19 µg/l (M±SE) is lower than the standard of WHO and EPA. However, 33.2% of all the samples have concentrations more than the standard limit of WHO, and the concentrations of 22.4% of the samples are more than EPA's standard. The CDI for different age groups is as following manner; Children>adult women>adult men. The CDI in children is more than twice as much as in the CDI for adult men and women. The mean of HQ order for different age groups is children>adult men>adult women. Since HQ of adult men (34E-5), adult women (31E-5) and children (84E-5), is lower than 1. Conclusion: It can be said that the population of Bandar Abbas is in a safe area regarding the HQ of the bottled water's cadmium.

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Microbial quality of domestic and imported brands of bottled water in Trinidad

Cited by 59 publications

References 26 publications

Bacteriological quality and risk assessment of the imported and domestic bottled mineral water sold in Fiji

Bacteriological quality and risk assessment of the imported and domestic bottled mineral water sold in Fiji

Bacteriological quality of bottled water sold on the Ghanaian market

The Non-carcinogenic Risk of Cadmium in Bottled Water in Different Age Groups Humans: Bandar Abbas City, Iran

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