Microbial Processes Relating to Carbon Cycling in Southeastern Bering Sea Sediments

Abstract

Several microbial variables were measured in southeastern Bering Sea sediments which should theoretically be related to carbon cycling. The variables studied included glutamate and glucose uptake and respiration rates, CO, and methane production rates and the activities of the following hydrolases: cellulase, amylase, laminarinase, protease and xylanase. Nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) and denitrification rates, and phosphatase and arylsulfatase activities were also determined. The 2 regions studied were offshore sediments in the Saint George Basin (SGB) and inshore bay sediments in Port Moller (PM). Mean rates of all variables studied were higher in PM sediments when compared to SGB. The rates of methane production. CO, production, and nitrogen fixation were comparable to those reported in temperate marine sediments indicating that these rates were not depressed because of low temperature. In sediments of both areas, phosphatase and arylsulfatase activities were highly correlated. In PM, the activity of these 2 enzymes was highly correlated with protease activity, glutamate uptake rates, and CO, evolution rates. These correlations suggest that in PM sediments, all of these variables were interrelated and probably reflected relative levels of microbial heterotrophic activity. In the same sediments, the linear correlation between glutamate uptake rates and protease activity was very high (r = 0.993). This high correlation suggests that protease activity reflects amino acid availability to the microbial population as the result of protein hydrolysis. It also suggests that the glutamate uptake rates reflect the adjustment of the microbial population to levels of amino acids available in the sediments. There was a region within SGB where microbial processes were elevated during both sample periods (January and May). This area was located on an oceanographic frontal system. The high microbial activity observed there may be related to the influence of the frontal system on primary productivity and sedimentation processes.

Dissimilatory sulfate reduction and methane production in Gotland Deep sediments (Baltic Sea) during a transition period from oxic to anoxic bottom water (1993-1996)

“…The experimentally determined methane production rates of the upper 20 cm of the sediment are within the range found in offshore marine sediments of the Black Sea (Heyer 1990), Bering Sea (Griffiths et al 1982) or open Baltic Sea (Lein et al 1981). They also fit very well to the data obtained by Lein et al (1981) in the Gotland Deep (Stn 2622) with the radiotracer method (reduction of '"CO2).…”

Physical controls on the storage of methane in landfast sea ice

“…Furthermore, the turnover time for CH 4 oxidation in the Arctic Ocean exceeds 1.5 years (Griffiths et al, 1982, andValentine et al, 2001), which is much longer than the lifetime of first-year landfast ice. If we assumed that the turnover time is similar in landfast sea ice, then we would not expect to find major CH 4 oxidation in our ice samples.…”

Vertical distribution of methane oxidation and methanotrophic response to elevated methane concentrations in stratified waters of the Arctic fjord Storfjorden (Svalbard, Norway)

“…During the incubation, 14 C-CH 4 or 3 H-CH 4 is converted at the same rate as the natural, non-labeled CH 4 to 14 CO 2 and 14 C-biomass or 3 H 2 O. Despite the importance of water column MO x controlling oceanic CH 4 emission to the atmosphere, only a small number of water column MO x rate measurements exist, which is particularly true for high-latitude environments (Ward and Kilpatrick, 1990;Griffiths et al, 1982). The available data show a large scatter of rates over several orders of magnitude ( Fig.…”