Microbial population dynamics in constructed wetlands: Review of recent advancements for wastewater treatment

Abstract

Constructed wetlands are improvised man-made systems, designed for adopting the principle of natural wetlands for purifying wastewaterthe elixir of life. They are used widely as a cost-effective and energy-efficient solution for treating greywater generated from different tertiary treatment sources. It provides an elaborate platform for research activities in an attempt to recycle earth's natural resources. Among the several organic impurities removal mechanisms existing in constructed wetland systems, the earth's active microbial population plays a vital role. This review deals with the recent advancements in constructed wetland systems from a microbiological perspective to (effect/ devise/ formulate) chemical and physical treatment for water impurities. It focuses on microbial diversity studies in constructed wetlands, influence of wetland media on microbial diversity and wetland performance, role of specific microbes in water reuse, removal of trace elements, some heavy metals and antibiotics in constructed wetlands. The impurities removal processes in constructed wetlands is achieved by combined interactive systems such as selected plant species, nature of substrate used for microbial diversity and several biogeochemical effected reaction cycles in wetland systems. Therefore, the correlation studies that have been conducted by earlier researchers in microbial diversity in wetlands are addressed herewith.

A review on effective design processes of constructed wetlands

“…Substrate Type, size, shape, pore spaces, chemical composition, and permeability affect the performance of CW (Gorgoglione and Torretta 2018). CW is not only efficient in removing biodegradable waste but also non-biodegradable pollutants like P and other heavy metals (Rajan et al 2018). The most commonly used substrate materials in CW are soil, sand, gravel, crushed rock, and other natural materials; these materials are efficient in BOD removal but not heavy metals (Qomariyah et al 2016;Haynes 2015).…”

Removal efficiency of antibiotics from water through constructed wetlands, a review

“…Study on microbial population dynamics in constructed wetlands, a detailed review of recent advancements for wastewater treatment was concluded and it was demonstrated that microbial population is an important factor in CWs (Rajan et al, 2019). Constructed wetlands and phytoremediation are known as a tool for pharmaceutical removal (Carvalho, 2021).…”

Temporal deposition of copper and zinc in the sediments of metal removal constructed wetlands

“…Compared to wastewater treatment facilities, and owing to their low construction and operational costs, constructed wetlands are relatively cheaper and require less maintenance [4][5][6]. The design of constructed wetlands simulates natural wetlands and provides similar but more controlled ecosystem functions [7,8]. These functions include the biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nutrients and removal of contaminants such as heavy metals [9][10][11].…”