“…The composition of the homopolymer PHB and the copolymer P(3HB-co-3HV) can be confirmed by 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra (Sindhu et al, 2015). The spectra obtained for both biopolymers extracted at larger scale were compared with previous published results and were in agreement with previous literature (Arcos-Hernández et al, 2013;Gobi and Vadivelu, 2015;Liu et al, 2018;Montiel-Jarillo et al, 2019b).…”
Section: Biopolymers Characterizationsupporting
confidence: 89%
“…The first doublet signal at 1.28 ppm corresponds to the methyl group. For the methylene group (B2) the doublet of quadruplet is observed at 2.48-2.60 ppm and finally a multiplet in 5.25 ppm for the methine group (B3) (Sindhu et al, 2015).…”
A new protocol for polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) extraction from mixed microbial cultures (MMCs) is proposed. PHA-accumulating capacity of the MMC was selected in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) fed with a synthetic effluent emulating a fermented oil mill wastewater (OMW). The highest recovery yield and purity (74 ± 8% and 100 ± 5%, respectively) was obtained when using NH 4 -Laurate for which operating conditions of the extraction process such as temperature, concentration and contact time were optimized. Best conditions for PHA extraction from MMC turned to be: i) a pre-treatment with NaClO at 85°C with 1 h of contact time, followed by ii) a treatment with lauric acid in a ratio acid lauric to biomass of 2:1 and 3 h of contact time.
“…The composition of the homopolymer PHB and the copolymer P(3HB-co-3HV) can be confirmed by 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra (Sindhu et al, 2015). The spectra obtained for both biopolymers extracted at larger scale were compared with previous published results and were in agreement with previous literature (Arcos-Hernández et al, 2013;Gobi and Vadivelu, 2015;Liu et al, 2018;Montiel-Jarillo et al, 2019b).…”
Section: Biopolymers Characterizationsupporting
confidence: 89%
“…The first doublet signal at 1.28 ppm corresponds to the methyl group. For the methylene group (B2) the doublet of quadruplet is observed at 2.48-2.60 ppm and finally a multiplet in 5.25 ppm for the methine group (B3) (Sindhu et al, 2015).…”
A new protocol for polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) extraction from mixed microbial cultures (MMCs) is proposed. PHA-accumulating capacity of the MMC was selected in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) fed with a synthetic effluent emulating a fermented oil mill wastewater (OMW). The highest recovery yield and purity (74 ± 8% and 100 ± 5%, respectively) was obtained when using NH 4 -Laurate for which operating conditions of the extraction process such as temperature, concentration and contact time were optimized. Best conditions for PHA extraction from MMC turned to be: i) a pre-treatment with NaClO at 85°C with 1 h of contact time, followed by ii) a treatment with lauric acid in a ratio acid lauric to biomass of 2:1 and 3 h of contact time.
“…The peak at 1724 cm−1 corresponds to C-O stretch of the ester group present in the molecular chain of a highly ordered structure. The adsorption band at 1279 cm−1 corresponds to ester bonding [12].…”
Preparation of nanoparticles is one of the important ways to increase the biological effectiveness of materials. There are several methods to prepare the polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) nanoparticles. Here, a new method is used based on exposing PHB to ultrasound waves under variable pH conditions. In the present study, PHB was added to distilled water and pH was adjusted to 4 by HCl (1 N). The suspension was exposed to ultrasound waves at 4500 kh for 25 seconds. Then, pH was readjusted to 10 by NaoH (1N) and the mixture was incubated for 2 h at 21 oC. Finally, the pH was adjusted to 7 by HCl (1 N) and the mixture was incubated at 21 oC for 18 h. The characterization of the prepared nanoparticles was achieved by using atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometer, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrated the formation of nanoparticles, especially after examinations by SEM and AFM, which showed that the diameter of particles was between 22.9 and 73.95. The present study confirmed that the method of exposing PHB to gradient pH and high levels of ultrasonic waves could produce PHB nanoparticles.
“…The DSC curve was found by plotting heat flux versus temperature or time. DSC is frequently used to determine the polymer breakdown behaviour [132]. DSC can be used to measure transitions such as glass transition, melting, and crystallisation.…”
An effective analytical technique for biomass characterisation is inevitable for biomass utilisation in energy production. To improve biomass processing, various thermal conversion methods such as torrefaction, pyrolysis, combustion, hydrothermal liquefaction, and gasification have been widely used to improve biomass processing. Thermogravimetric analysers (TG) and gas chromatography (GC) are among the most fundamental analytical techniques utilised in biomass thermal analysis. Thus, GC and TG, in combination with MS, FTIR, or two-dimensional analysis, were used to examine the key parameters of biomass feedstock and increase the productivity of energy crops. We can also determine the optimal ratio for combining two separate biomass or coals during co-pyrolysis and co-gasification to achieve the best synergetic relationship. This review discusses thermochemical conversion processes such as torrefaction, combustion, hydrothermal liquefaction, pyrolysis, and gasification. Then, the thermochemical conversion of biomass using TG and GC is discussed in detail. The usual emphasis on the various applications of biomass or bacteria is also discussed in the comparison of the TG and GC. Finally, this study investigates the application of technologies for analysing the composition and developed gas from the thermochemical processing of biomass feedstocks.
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