Microbial mineralization of biochar and wheat straw mixture in soil: A short-term study

Zavalloni, C.; Alberti, Giorgio; Biasiol, Stefano; Vedove, Gemini Delle; Fornasier, Flavio; Liu, Jie; Peressotti, Alessandro

doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2011.07.012

Cited by 251 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Usually, this leads to intensification of the biological activity of soil in the first few weeks after the application of straw and, in consequence, an increase in CO 2 emission which, according to the tests conducted by Wu et al (2013), may be even 77% for 0.5% of wheat straw added to the soil. Studies of Zavalloni et al (2011) revealed that the loss of C consumed by microorganisms for respiration processes after the application of thermally unconverted wheat straw was almost 23 times higher (0.68% day -1 of the added C) than the C loss resulting from the application in soil of wheat straw biochar (0.03% day -1 of the added C). This suggests that much better (long-term) effects of C retention in soil can be obtained after the application of biochar containing mainly a hardly decomposable fraction of OM.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to these authors, the reason for this may be the colonisation and growth of microorganisms on the biochar surface, which results, on the one hand, in increased mineralisation of organic matter, and on the other, in a reduced amount of substrates for the production of these enzymes. Decomposition of organic materials in the soil, and thus their ability to immobilise N, can also result in reduced emission of N 2 O into the atmosphere (Wu et al, 2013;Zavalloni et al, 2011). Ureases, whose activity is mainly related to the soil pH and structure, are considered as enzymes playing a key role in the transformation of N. As reported by Yang et al (2016), urease activity in the decomposition of organic materials, such as straw, is a result of the release of enzymes from cells of microorganisms decomposing plant cells, which are primarily bound to soil organic matter and clay minerals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Firstly, only labile and volatile biochar compounds are mineralised, and then, slow decomposition of aromatic compounds takes place (Ameloot et al, 2015). Consumption of unstable nutrients by soil microorganisms affects numerous biological parameters of the soil, such as enzymatic activity (Kuzyakov et al, 2009;Mierzwa-Hersztek et al, 2016;Paz-Ferreiro et al, 2014), microbial biomass (Zavalloni et al, 2011), and diversity of microorganisms (Lehmann and Joseph, 2015). Ameloot et al (2015) and Alburquerque et al (2013) suggested that biochar is an excellent source of nitrogen available not only to microorganisms, but also to plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of wheat and Miscanthus straw biochars on soil enzymatic activity, ecotoxicity, and plant yield

Mierzwa–Hersztek¹,

Gondek²,

Klimkowicz‐Pawlas³

et al. 2017

International Agrophysics

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The variety of technological conditions and raw materials from which biochar is produced is the reason why its soil application may have different effects on soil properties and plant growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of wheat straw andMiscanthus giganteusstraw (5 t DM ha−1) and biochar obtained from this materials in doses of 2.25 and 5 t DM ha−1on soil enzymatic activity, soil ecotoxicity, and plant yield (perennial grass mixture with red clover). The research was carried out under field conditions on soil with the granulometric composition of loamy sand. No significant effect of biochar amendment on soil enzymatic activity was observed. The biochar-amended soil was toxic toVibrio fischeriand exhibited low toxicity toHeterocypris incongruens. Application of wheat straw biochar andM. giganteusstraw biochar in a dose of 5 t DM ha−1contributed to an increase in plant biomass production by 2 and 14%, respectively, compared to the soil with mineral fertilisation. Biochars had a more adverse effect on soil enzymatic activity and soil ecotoxicity toH. incongruensandV. fischerithan non-converted wheat straw andM. giganteusstraw, but significantly increased the grass crop yield.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of wheat and Miscanthus straw biochars on soil enzymatic activity, ecotoxicity, and plant yield

Mierzwa–Hersztek¹,

Gondek²,

Klimkowicz‐Pawlas³

et al. 2017

International Agrophysics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Though the potential impacts of biochar on soil have typically been focused on improvements in C sequestration and soil quality, they also have the potential for influencing the soil microbial communities which reside therein (Lehmann et al, 2011). While it has been demonstrated that a majority of biochar carbon (C) is resistant to microbial mineralization (Bruun et al, 2008;Smith et al, 2010;Zavalloni et al, 2011), it has been hypothesized that the soil's microbial community structure will change in response to the addition of a pool of recalcitrant biochar-C. This tenet is supported by Pietikainen et al (2000) in a study examining microbial phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addition of activated switchgrass biochar to an aridic subsoil increases microbial nitrogen cycling gene abundances

Ducey

Ippolito

Cantrell

et al. 2013

Applied Soil Ecology

173

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a b s t r a c tIt has been demonstrated that soil amended with biochar, designed specifically for use as a soil conditioner, results in changes to the microbial populations that reside therein. These changes have been reflected in studies measuring variations in microbial activity, biomass, and community structure. Despite these studies, very few experiments have been performed examining microbial genes involved in nutrient cycling processes. Given the paucity of research in this area, we designed a 6 month study in a Portneuf subsoil treated with three levels (1%, 2%, and 10% w/w ratio) of a biochar pyrolyzed from switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) at 350 • C and steam activated at 800 • C to measure the abundances of five genes involved in N cycling. Gene abundances were measured using qPCR, with relative abundances of these genes calculated based on measurement of the 16S rRNA gene. At the end of the 6 month study, all measured genes showed significantly greater abundances in biochar amended treatments as compared to the control. In soil amended with 10% biochar, genes involved in nitrogen fixation (nifH), and denitrification (nirS), showed significantly increased relative abundances. Lastly, gene abundances and relative abundances correlated with soil characteristics, in particular NO 3 -N, % N and % C. These results confirm that activated switchgrass-derived biochar, designed for use as a soil conditioner, has an impact on the treated soils microbial communities. We therefore suggest that future use of biochar as a soil management practice should take into account not only changes to the soil's physiochemical properties, but its biological properties as well.Published by Elsevier B.V.

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“…The opposing view on the effect of poultry litter biochar on soil microbial biomass was expressed by Castaldi et al [8] and Zavalloni et al [54]. These authors noted that the application of poultry litter biochar to the soil had no effect on microbial biomass, since the exogenous organic matter such as biochar is resistant to microbial decomposition.…”

Section: Effects Of Poultry Litter Biochar On Soil Microbial Biomassmentioning

confidence: 95%

Influence of Poultry Litter and Poultry Litter Biochar on Soil Microbial Respiration and Nitrifying Bacteria Activity

Mierzwa–Hersztek

Klimkowicz‐Pawlas

Gondek

2017

Waste Biomass Valor

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treatment with mineral fertilisation applied (MF), by 59 and 77%, respectively. The significantly highest basal respiration value was determined in soil with 5 t DM ha −1 biochar. The application of poultry litter had significant effect on nitrifying bacteria activity (increase by 50%). Poultry litter biochar added to the soil in both doses contributed to an increase in nitrifying bacteria activity by 36 and 34%, respectively compared to MF treatment. Biochar had more adverse effect on soil microbial biomass and nitrifying bacteria activity than non-converted poultry litter, but it had significant effect on soil respiration activity. AbstractThe application of organic materials, such as poultry litter or poultry litter biochar, may lead to major changes in the structural and functional diversity of microbial populations. The understanding of the relationship between microorganisms and environment is crucial to assess the effect of organic materials on soil. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the influence of the addition of poultry litter (5 t DM ha −1 ) and poultry litter biochar in doses of 2.25 t and 5 t DM ha −1 on soil respiration activity, microbial biomass, and nitrifying bacteria activity. In soils with poultry litter biochar added in 2.25 t and 5 t DM ha −1 doses, microbial biomass was significantly higher than in * M. Mierzwa-Hersztek

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Microbial mineralization of biochar and wheat straw mixture in soil: A short-term study

Cited by 251 publications

References 44 publications

Effect of wheat and Miscanthus straw biochars on soil enzymatic activity, ecotoxicity, and plant yield

Effect of wheat and Miscanthus straw biochars on soil enzymatic activity, ecotoxicity, and plant yield

Addition of activated switchgrass biochar to an aridic subsoil increases microbial nitrogen cycling gene abundances

Influence of Poultry Litter and Poultry Litter Biochar on Soil Microbial Respiration and Nitrifying Bacteria Activity

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