“…e remarkable inhibition zones indicated the antibacterial effectiveness of ZnO nanoparticles against several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial and fungal diseases (mm). ey have found that bio-mediated ZnO nanostructures are an effective novel antibacterial and anticancer material in this study [70].…”
In the last decades, the idea of green nanotechnology has been expanding, and researchers are developing greener and more sustainable techniques for synthesizing nanoparticles (NPs). The major objectives are to fabricate NPs using simple, sustainable, and cost-effective procedures while avoiding the use of hazardous materials that are usually utilized as reducing or capping agents. Many biosources, including plants, bacteria, fungus, yeasts, and algae, have been used to fabricate NPs of various shapes and sizes. The authors of this study emphasized the most current studies for fabricating NPs from biosources and their applications in a wide range of fields. This review addressed studies that cover green techniques for synthesizing nanoparticles of Ag, Au, ZnO, CuO, Co3O4, Fe3O4, TiO2, NiO, Al2O3, Cr2O3, Sm2O3, CeO2, La2O3, and Y2O3. Also, their applications were taken under consideration and discussed.
“…e remarkable inhibition zones indicated the antibacterial effectiveness of ZnO nanoparticles against several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial and fungal diseases (mm). ey have found that bio-mediated ZnO nanostructures are an effective novel antibacterial and anticancer material in this study [70].…”
In the last decades, the idea of green nanotechnology has been expanding, and researchers are developing greener and more sustainable techniques for synthesizing nanoparticles (NPs). The major objectives are to fabricate NPs using simple, sustainable, and cost-effective procedures while avoiding the use of hazardous materials that are usually utilized as reducing or capping agents. Many biosources, including plants, bacteria, fungus, yeasts, and algae, have been used to fabricate NPs of various shapes and sizes. The authors of this study emphasized the most current studies for fabricating NPs from biosources and their applications in a wide range of fields. This review addressed studies that cover green techniques for synthesizing nanoparticles of Ag, Au, ZnO, CuO, Co3O4, Fe3O4, TiO2, NiO, Al2O3, Cr2O3, Sm2O3, CeO2, La2O3, and Y2O3. Also, their applications were taken under consideration and discussed.
“…Nanoparticles are formed either intra-cellular or extra-cellular depending on microorganisms type. Researchers have made use of cell extracts for the biological production of NPs (Saied et al 2021 ; Salem et al 2022b , c ; Suba et al 2021 ). Fig.…”
The utilization of living organisms for the creation of inorganic nanoscale particles is a potential new development in the realm of biotechnology. An essential milestone in the realm of nanotechnology is the process of creating dependable and environmentally acceptable metallic nanoparticles. Due to its increasing popularity and ease, use of ambient biological resources is quickly becoming more significant in this field of study. The phrase “green nanotechnology” has gained a lot of attention and refers to a variety of procedures that eliminate or do away with hazardous compounds to repair the environment. Green nanomaterials can be used in a variety of biotechnological sectors such as medicine and biology, as well as in the food and textile industries, wastewater treatment and agriculture field. The construction of an updated level of knowledge with utilization and a study of the ambient biological systems that might support and revolutionize the creation of nanoparticles (NPs) are presented in this article.
“…ZnO NPs synthesized using Lactobacillus spp. bacteria display spherical morphology with an average size 32 nm as shown in Figure e . Selenium (Se) NPs of spherical morphology in the size range 3–50 nm were synthesized using lactic acid bacteria (Figure f) .…”
Section: Green Synthesis Of Metal/metal Oxide Nanoparticlesmentioning
Antibiotic resistance against infections caused by microbes has emerged as a global challenge resulting in longer hospitalizations and higher medical cost and mortality. The excessive use of antibiotics has led to the swift progression of antibiotic resistance in bacterial strains. Metallic and metal oxide (M/MO) nanoparticles (NPs) have the potential to provide a pertinent alternative to antibiotics as they interact with the critical cellular organelles and biomolecules such as DNA, enzymes, ribosomes, and lysosomes. This affects the permeability of the cell membrane causing oxidative stress, gene expression, protein activation, and enzyme activation restricting the habitat of microbes. Further, NPs simultaneously target multiple biomolecules at once making them an efficient antibacterial agent against which microbes are unable to develop resistance easily, although the toxicity associated with the M/MO NPs still remains a key challenge for clinical uses. Green synthesis provides an efficient solution to reduce the toxic effects associated with these NPs as it does not use harsh chemicals and environment for the synthesis of NPs. In this work, we have provided a comprehensive review of the green synthesis of M/MO NPs using plants (roots, seeds, barks, flowers) and microbes (bacteria, fungi, algae). The yield of the NPs achieved from the green synthesis is lower than that of conventional methods and significant advancements have been made recently which are delineated in this review for different M/ MO NPs. Further, the mechanism of NP interaction with the microbes and their different antimicrobial applications have been discussed in detailed. The present review aims to provide a critical overview of the current state of the large-scale synthesis of the M/ MO NPs as well as their different antimicrobial activities.
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