Microbial Mediated Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles, Characterization and Multifaceted Applications

Abstract

Nanoparticles have gained considerable importance compared to bulk counterparts due to their unique properties. Due to their high surface to volume ratio and high reactivity, metallic and metal-oxide nanostructures have shown great potential applications. Among them, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) have gained tremendous attention attributed to their unique properties such as low toxicity, biocompatibility, simplicity, easy fabrication, and environmental friendly. Remarkably, ZnONPs exhibit optical, physical, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties. These nanoparticles have been applied in various fields such as in biomedicine, biosensors, electronics, food, cosmetic industries, textile, agriculture and environment. The synthesis of ZnONPs can be performed by chemical, physical and biological methods. Although the chemical and physical methods suffer from some disadvantages such as the involvement of high temperature and pressure conditions, high cost and not environmentally friendly, the green synthesis of ZnONPs offers a promising substitute to these conventional methods. On that account, the microbial mediated synthesis of ZnONPs is clean, eco-friendly, nontoxic and biocompatible method. This paper reviews the microbial synthesis of ZnONPs, parameters used for the optimization process and their physicochemical properties. The potential applications of ZnONPs in biomedical, agricultural and environmental fields as well as their toxic aspects on human beings and animals have been reviewed.

Myco-fabricated ZnO nanoparticles ameliorate neurotoxicity in mice model of Alzheimer’s disease via acetylcholinesterase inhibition and oxidative stress reduction

“…Thus, ZnO-NPs can be enhancing cognition in experimental animals by elevating acetylcholine at synapses. The anti-cholinesterase activities ZnO-NPs detected in our research are in alignment with previous studies (Guo et al 2020 ; Hamza et al 2019 ). According to Lu et al ( 2013 ), zinc was found to mitigate the negative effects of aluminum exposure on AchE activity, dopamine and serotonin levels, and brain redox status.…”

Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoparticles for Antimicrobial Applications-A Review

“…Similar to HR-TEM, HR-SEM provides information on the characteristic features of the nanoparticle sample by high resolution imaging. SEM images provide surface topological features with high magnification and large field depth in correlation with the surface electron density of the nanoparticles as depicted in Figure 3 [192]. SEM analysis also offers knowledge about the nanomaterial purity and the degree of aggregation [193].…”

Bio-fabricated zinc oxide nanoparticles mediated by endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp. SA17 with antimicrobial and anticancer activities: in vitro supported by in silico studies

“…Nanoparticles have gained significant attention due to their unique physiochemical properties which permit them to conjugate other groups due to their charged surface ( Chavan et al, 2020 ; Randive et al, 2020 , 2021 , 2023 ). Among these nanoparticles, Zinc nanoparticles (ZnONPs) have gained reasonable interest in recent years due to their unique properties such as their small size and large surface which make them ideal candidates for use in numerous fields like biomedicine, electronics, and agriculture ( Gomaa, 2022 ). Biosynthesis of ZnONPs from endophytic fungi has emerged as a promising alternative way to produce eco-friendly and cost-effective nanometals compared to conventional physical and chemical methods ( Yusof et al, 2019 ).…”