Microbial Mats and Ichnofauna of a Fluvial-Tidal Channel in the Lower Pennsylvanian Joggins Formation, Canada

Archetypally Siluro-Devonian ichnofauna in the Cowie Formation, Scotland: implications for the myriapod fossil record and Highland Boundary Fault Movement

“…Meniscate burrows reported from the mid-Silurian Grampians Group of Western Australia probably formed in a fully marine setting (George, 1994;contra Gouramanis et al, 2003). Elsewhere (2000), Gand et al (1997), Germs (1972), Goldring and Pollard (1995), Graham and Pollard (1982), Hakes (1976), Han and Pickerill (1994), Häntzschel (1975), Hunter and Lomas (2003), Knaust (2004), Kulkarni and Borkar (2014), Kumpulainen et al (2006), Maples and Archer (1987), Maples and Suttner (1990), Martino (1989), Mikulas (1993), Minter et al (2007), Morrissey and Braddy (2004), Narbonne (1984), O'Sullivan et al (1986), Pearson (1992), Pickerill (1991), Pickerill (1992), Pickerill et al (1987), Pickerill et al (1984), Prescott et al (2014), Qi et al (2012), Savoy (1992), Smith (1993), Stephenson and Gould (1995), Tanoli and Pickerill (1989), Thomas and Smith (1998), Tunbridge (1984) and Weber and Braddy (2004). they are reported in Late Silurian-Early Devonian deposits from transitional continental-marine settings in the Ringerike Group of Norway, Tumblagooda Sandstone of Western Australia, and Mereenie Sandstone of the Northern Territory, Australia (Trewin and McNamara, 1994;Davies et al, 2006 Gouramanis and…”

The ichnology of the fluvial–tidal transition

“…Physical and biogenic structures of the Coal Mine point locality have been documented in detail recently (Prescott et al, 2014). Trough cross-bedding, ripples, paired mudstone drapes, plant debris, and stigmarian root trace fossils are present.…”

“…The informally named Coal Mine Point channel body (Joggins Formation) of Nova Scotia records the infill of a fluvial-tidal channel during the Early Pennsylvanian (Late Carboniferous) (Prescott et al, 2014). The channel deposits are incised within poorly drained regressive facies constituted by thin beds of coal, gray shale, gray rooted mudstone, and sandstone with upright lycopsid trees (Davies et al, 2005).…”

“…The channel deposits are incised within poorly drained regressive facies constituted by thin beds of coal, gray shale, gray rooted mudstone, and sandstone with upright lycopsid trees (Davies et al, 2005). At Coal Mine Point, the channel succession is formed by four units reflecting (1) the active channel, (2) the channel abandonment, (3) a brackish-water incursion, and (4) the reestablishment of the freshwater wetland (Prescott et al, 2014). Point-bar and dune deposits with no trace fossils represent the active channel, whereas the alternation of fine-to very fine-grained sandstone and mudstone beds with desiccation cracks reflects the abandonment phase (Prescott et al, 2014).…”

“…Trough cross-bedding, ripples, paired mudstone drapes, plant debris, and stigmarian root trace fossils are present. In addition, tidal influence is interpreted from paired mudstone drapes within sigmoidal cross-beds (Prescott et al, 2014). ), and tetrapod trackways and (2) numerous trackways attributed to limulids (Protichnites carbonarius), replaced upward by isolated smallsized dwelling burrows (Skolithos isp., Arenicolites isp.)…”