Microbial lipids and added value metabolites production by Yarrowia lipolytica from pork lard

Abstract

Yarrowia lipolytica is a suitable microbial platform to convert low-value hydrophobic substrates into microbial oils and other important metabolites. In this work, this yeast species was used to simultaneously synthetize ex novo lipids and produce citric acid and lipase from animal fat (pork lard) adding higher value to the low-cost fatty substrate. The effect of pH, lard concentration, arabic gum concentration and oxygen mass transfer rate (OTR) on lipids accumulation on Y. lipolytica batch cultures was assessed by an experimental design based on Taguchi method. OTR was by far the most influential parameter in the range of 96mgLh-480mgLh. A bio-modification of initial lipidic substrate was observed and, depending on the nutritional and operational conditions, specialty lipids with specific composition and high added-value were obtained. The unsaturated-to-saturated fatty acids ratio of these microbial lipids is higher than in initial substrate, which indicates that they are more suitable than animal fat for food additives. Moreover, the simultaneous induction of lipase and citric acid by Y. lipolytica growing in animal fat demonstrates that a biorefinery approach may be designed based on animal fat raw material.

Waste fat biodegradation and biomodification by Yarrowia lipolytica and a bacterial consortium composed of Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas putida

“…grown on sardine oil, while S. lipolytica grown on beef tallow obtained a yield half this value. In general, in our study, the values of Y X/S obtained for both fats were very satisfactory when compared with the average value (ca 1.0 g/g) reported in the literature for Y. lipolytica [5,[18][19][20][44][45][46] or for other microorganisms capable of growth on several fatty materials employed as substrates (i.e. Extra-cellular and intra-cellular fatty acids (%, w/w) when the bacterial consortium (BFL-CP1) was grown on waste cooked butter and olive oil saturated FAs, that, as stressed are not easily assimilated by several types of microorganisms [7,15].…”

“…Extra-cellular and intra-cellular fatty acids (%, w/w) when the bacterial consortium (BFL-CP1) was grown on waste cooked butter and olive oil saturated FAs, that, as stressed are not easily assimilated by several types of microorganisms [7,15]. In general, in our study, the values of Y X/S obtained for both fats were very satisfactory when compared with the average value (ca 1.0 g/g) reported in the literature for Y. lipolytica [5,[18][19][20][44][45][46] or for other microorganisms capable of growth on several fatty materials employed as substrates (i.e. Apiotrichum curvatum, Wickerhamomyces anomalus and Aspergillus sp.)…”

“…The main FAs were palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids, which have also been shown as principal long chain fatty acids of FOGs or other fatty wastes [9,24,50,51]. Montet et al [52], Papanikolaou et al [11], Papanikolaou and Aggelis [20] and Lopez et al [46] noted the selective and rapid assimilation of the FA 9C18:1 as opposed to the FA C18:0 by strains of the yeast Y. lipolytica, a fact that was also validated in this study. As with Y. lipolytica LFMB 20, the bacterial consortium did not assimilate FA (C18:0) and similar findings have been reported for A. curvatum and Starmerella bombicola [47,53].…”

Statistical evaluation of growth parameters in biofuel waste as a culture medium for improved production of single cell protein and amino acids by Yarrowia lipolytica

“…These can be conventional (starch, molasses, fruit, and vegetable wastes) and nonconventional (different fractions of petroleum, natural gas, ethanol, methanol, lignocellulosic biomass, waste cooking or motor oils, animal-waste fats, or waste streams from various industries). Because of such inexpenside feedstocks, microbial mass and microbial lipid produced by Yarrowia lipolytica (single cell protein and single cell oil) are considered as environmentally friendly processes (Dourou et al 2018;Groenewald et al 2013;Jach et al 2017;Jach and Serefko 2018;Katre et al 2012;Lopes et al 2018Lopes et al , 2019Papanikolaou et al 2001Papanikolaou et al , 2003Rywinska et al 2013).…”

“…Furthermore, the biomass of Y. lipolytica contains essential amino acids (e.g. lysine and methionine) that are present only in limited quantity in most plant and animal foods (Adedayo et al 2011;Bellou et al 2016;Beopoulos et al 2011;Dourou et al 2018;Jach et al 2017;Lopes et al 2018Lopes et al , 2019Papanikolaou et al 2001Papanikolaou et al 2003Rywinska et al 2013;Zhao et al 2016). This yeast also has the ability to accumulate vitamin B12 into its cells from biofuel waste used as a medium in a similar manner to animal cells .…”