Microbial keratitis in West Anatolia, Turkey: a retrospective review

Yilmaz, Safiye; Oztürk, Ilgin; Maden, Ahmet

doi:10.1007/s10792-007-9069-2

Cited by 45 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Among the bacteria isolated, Gram-positive cocci continue to be the most frequent agent, with a similar rate compared to the other studies in both elderly and age-independent series (17,20,26,(28)(29)(32)(33)(34)(35)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43) . The incidence of Gram-negative bacilli was a little higher, which could be explained by geographical variation in the microbial flora of our patients (2,(14)(15)44) .…”

Section: Microbiologysupporting

confidence: 71%

“…The prevalence of ocular trauma varied considerably among the studies on the elderly, from 3.7 to 43.6% (17,26,(28)(29) , but was relatively constant in the age-independent series, ranging from 16 to 26.6% (32)(33)(34)(35) . Contact lens wear was found in only 3.0% of cases, like the already mentioned studies with the exception of van der Meulen et al (29) , which found 13.0%.…”

Section: Predisposing Factorsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The prevalence of this predisposing factor in recent age-independent series of infectious keratitis varied from 11 to 17% (32)(33)(34)(35) , suggesting that such variable is more frequent in the elderly.…”

Section: Predisposing Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbial keratitis in the elderly: a 32-year review

Passos¹,

Cariello²,

Yu³

et al. 2010

Arq. Bras. Oftalmol.

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Purpose: To describe the demographic characteristics, associated factors and causative agents of infectious keratitis in the elderly in a tertiary referral center in São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: A retrospective review of all patients aged 60 years and over with a presumptive diagnosis of infectious keratitis who had material collected for microbiological analysis, between the years 1975 and 2007 (32-year span). Results: From a total of 7,060 age-independent cases of microbial keratitis, 1,545 cases in the elderly were reviewed, which had a mean age of 71.0 ± 7.8 years, ranging from 60 to 101 years. There were 707 males (45.6%) and 838 females (54.3%). Associated factors were: past ocular surgery (25.1%), ocular trauma (7.2%) and contact lens use (3.0%). Bacterioscopy was positive in 40.5% of cases. Culture positivity for any agent was 53.5% (bacteria 47.0%, fungi 6.1%, Acanthamoeba 0.4%). The most frequent bacteria were the grampositive cocci (mostly coagulase-negative Staphylococci) and gram-negative bacilli (mostly the genera Pseudomonas, Moraxella and Proteus), while the most frequent fungi were the filamentous (mostly the genus Fusarium). Conclusions: This study represents a large series of microbial keratitis in the elderly in a single referral center. The most important factor associated with this condition in the elderly was past ocular surgery. The most frequent causative agents were bacteria, especially gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli. Keywords

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Section: Microbiologysupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Predisposing Factorsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Microbial keratitis in the elderly: a 32-year review

Passos¹,

Cariello²,

Yu³

et al. 2010

Arq. Bras. Oftalmol.

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“…The resistance of Pseudomonas to disinfectants, coupled with its adherence capability to plastics, facilitates its introduction into the eye where it can react with defective corneal epithelium, gaining further entrance into the corneal stroma. S. pneumonia on the other hand is the major cause of corneal ulcers in developing countries however, some reports emphasize on the fact that Streptococcus are most commonly encountered after P. aeruginosa and/or S. aureus eye infections [14,114,215]. Unlike P. aeruginosa, pneumococcal keratitis is not commonly associated with the use of contact lenses and the predisposing factors often include ocular trauma or surgery [31,104,114,125,160,207].…”

Section: Bacterial Keratitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of microbial keratitis

Lakhundi

Siddiqui

Khan

2017

Microbial Pathogenesis

168

121

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Microbial keratitis is a sight-threatening ocular infection caused by bacteria, fungi, and protist pathogens. Epithelial defects and injuries are key predisposing factors making the eye susceptible to corneal pathogens. Among bacterial pathogens, the most common agents responsible for keratitis include Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumonia and Serratia species. Fungal agents of corneal infections include both filamentous as well as yeast, including Fusarium, Aspergillus, Phaeohyphomycetes, Curvularia, Paecilomyces, Scedosporium and Candida species, while in protists, Acanthamoeba spp. are responsible for causing ocular disease. Clinical features include redness, pain, tearing, blur vision and inflammation but symptoms vary depending on the causative agent. The underlying molecular mechanisms associated with microbial pathogenesis include virulence factors as well as the host factors that aid in the progression of keratitis, resulting in damage to the ocular tissue. The treatment therefore should focus not only on the elimination of the culprit but also on the neutralization of virulence factors to minimize the damage, in addition to repairing the damaged tissue. A complete understanding of the pathogenesis of microbial keratitis will lead to the rational development of therapeutic interventions. This is a timely review of our current understanding of the advances made in this field in a comprehensible manner. Coupled with the recently available genome sequence information and high throughput genomics technology, and the availability of innovative approaches, this will stimulate interest in this field.

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“…Therefore, timely antimicrobial treatment must be initiated for rapid eradication of the infecting organism. Numerous reports from all over the world indicate a methicillin-resistance rate of up to 74% among S. aureus isolates, which emphasizes the necessity to search for new anti-S. aureus agents as an alternative to currently available antibiotics [2][3][4][5][6]. Enzyme-based therapy has been proposed as an alternative approach to treatment with antibiotics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%