Microbial indicators and pathogens: Removal, relationships and predictive capabilities in water reclamation facilities

Costán-Longares, Ana; Montemayor, Michel; Payán, Andrey; Méndez, J.; Jofre, Joan; Mujeriego, Rafael; Lucena, F.

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2008.07.037

Cited by 100 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The most frequent somatic coliphage values in secondary effluents therefore normally range from 10 3 to 10 5 PFU per 100 mL and those of F-specific and RNA F-specific phages from 10 2 to 5ˆ10 4 PFU per 100 mL [20,48,74,76,95,98]. The relative proportions of somatic coliphages and F-specific and RNA F-specific bacteriophages are similar to those found in untreated wastewater.…”

Section: Abundance In Pollution Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…The ratios of culturable viruses to somatic coliphages (mainly with reference to enteroviruses detected by cell culture) are 10:10 4 or 10:10 5 in the scenarios for which data on both are available. The claim is true for raw sewage, secondary and tertiary effluents [72][73][74][75][76][77], surface waters [73,[78][79][80], and sludge [81,82]. The same ratio is true for infectious rotaviruses detected by cell culture followed by qRT-PCR [83].…”

Section: Concentration Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chlorination causes a greater effect on somatic coliphages than on F-specific phages, but this difference is not great enough to change the relative proportions, and somatic coliphages outnumber F-specific phages in most chlorinated secondary effluents [76,113,117,118].…”

Section: Resistance To Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With respect to radiation, UV irradiation has a significantly greater effect on somatic coliphages than on F-specific phages, and after strong UV treatment F-specific numbers surpass those of somatic coliphages in many settings [76,117].…”

Section: Resistance To Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coliphages as Model Organisms in the Characterization and Management of Water Resources

Torroella

Gutiérrez

Blanch

et al. 2016

Water

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Two groups of bacteriophages that infect Escherichia coli, somatic and F-specific coliphages, have been used in academia as both fecal and viral indicators for many years. Regulatory authorities in different parts of the world are beginning to consider coliphages as indicators of water quality in a range of settings. However, issues such as their potential replication in natural water environments, the cumbersome detection and enumeration methods, a lack of definition concerning which of the two groups should be included in future regulations, and the lack of a clear correlation between coliphages and human viruses and health risks in different water settings remain controversial. This review attempts to shed some light on these contentious issues. The conclusions are that: 1) supposing that they can replicate in some natural water settings, the contribution of coliphages replicated outside the gut will not affect the numbers contributed by fecal pollution and detected by strains recommended for standardized methods; 2) there are easy, fast, and cost-effective methods that can be used in routine laboratories after a little training; 3) perhaps the best option is to determine both groups in a single step; and 4) the low correlation of coliphages with human viruses and health risks is no worse than the correlation between different human viruses.

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Section: Abundance In Pollution Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Concentration Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resistance To Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resistance To Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coliphages as Model Organisms in the Characterization and Management of Water Resources

Torroella

Gutiérrez

Blanch

et al. 2016

Water

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“…Enteric viruses are one of the most important causative agents of waterborne gastroenteritis because of their high infectivity (13,43), persistence in water (1,2), and tolerance to wastewater treatment (9,33) and chlorination (44). Therefore, monitoring viruses in the environment is important for protecting public health (48).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of Internal Controls for Extraction and Amplification of Nucleic Acids from Enteric Viruses in Water Samples

Hata

Katayama

Kitajima

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Inhibitors that reduce viral nucleic acid extraction efficiency and interfere with cDNA synthesis and/or polymerase activity affect the molecular detection of viruses in aquatic environments. To overcome these significant problems, we developed a methodology for assessing nucleic acid yields and DNA amplification efficiencies for environmental water samples. This involved adding particles of adenovirus type 5 and murine norovirus and newly developed primer-sharing controls, which are amplified with the same primer pairs and result in the same amplicon sizes as the targets, to these samples. We found that nucleic acid loss during the extraction process, rather than reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) inhibition, more significantly attributed to underestimation of the presence of viral genomes in the environmental water samples tested in this study. Our success rate for satisfactorily amplifying viral RNAs and DNAs by RT-PCR was higher than that for obtaining adequate nucleic acid preparations. We found that inhibitory properties were greatest when we used larger sample volumes. A magnetic silica bead-based RNA extraction method effectively removed inhibitors that interfere with viral nucleic acid extraction and RT-PCR. To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the inhibitory properties of environmental water samples by using both control virus particles and primersharing controls.

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Evaluating the fate of bacterial indicators, viral indicators, and viruses in water resource recovery facilities

Worley-Morse

Mann

Khunjar

et al. 2019

Water Environment Research

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A year‐long sampling campaign at nine water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) was conducted to assess the treatability and fate of bacterial indicators, viral indicators, and viruses. Influent concentrations of viral indicators (male‐specific and somatic coliphages) and bacterial indicators (Escherichia coli and enterococci) remained relatively constant, typically varying by one order of magnitude over the course of the year. Annual average bacterial indicator reduction ranged from 4.0 to 6.7 logs, and annual average viral indicator reduction ranged from 1.6 to 5.4 logs. Bacterial and viral indicator reduction depended on the WRRF's treatment processes, and bacterial indicator reduction was greater than viral indicator reduction for many processes. Viral reduction (adenovirus 41, norovirus GI, and norovirus GII) was more similar to viral indicator reduction than bacterial indicator reduction. Overall, this work suggests that viral indicator reduction in WRRFs is variable and depends on specific unit processes. Moreover, for the same unit treatment process, viral indicator reduction and bacterial indicator reduction can vary.Practitioner points A year‐long sampling campaign was conducted at nine water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs).The treatability and fate of bacterial indicators, viral indicators, and viruses were assessed.Viral indicator reduction in WRRFs is variable and depends on specific unit processes.For the same unit treatment process, viral indicator reduction and bacterial indicator reduction can vary.

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Microbial indicators and pathogens: Removal, relationships and predictive capabilities in water reclamation facilities

Cited by 100 publications

References 33 publications

Coliphages as Model Organisms in the Characterization and Management of Water Resources

Coliphages as Model Organisms in the Characterization and Management of Water Resources

Validation of Internal Controls for Extraction and Amplification of Nucleic Acids from Enteric Viruses in Water Samples

Evaluating the fate of bacterial indicators, viral indicators, and viruses in water resource recovery facilities

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