Microbial Habitats Associated with Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Invertebrates: Insights from Microanalysis and Geochemical Modeling

Bris, Nadine Le; Gaill, Françoise

doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9572-5_3

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Most species of Alvinellidae build tubes or cocoons either on the wall of vent chimneys, in basaltic cracks with venting, or at the base of vestimentiferan (Siboglinidae) tubes (see Figure 1-3). The inner part of the tube and/or the mucus threat of cocoons are covered by either filamentous epsilon proteobacteria or rod bacteria (Desbruyères & Laubier 1986, Tunnicliffe et al 1993, Le Bris and Gaill 2010. The mucus secreted by the worm is made of polysaccharides and glycoproteins often used to trap metallic compounds in order to detoxify their immediate surroundings (Taghon et al 1988).…”

Section: Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

7.7.4 Alvinellidae Desbruyères & Laubier, 1986

Jollivet¹,

Hourdez²

2020

Pleistoannelida, Sedentaria III and Errantia I

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Section: Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

7.7.4 Alvinellidae Desbruyères & Laubier, 1986

Jollivet¹,

Hourdez²

2020

Pleistoannelida, Sedentaria III and Errantia I

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“…Alvinellids differ in having functional feeding tentacles and a well-developed gut. They derive nutritional products from chemoautotrophic bacteria, which attach either to the inner part of the tube and/or mucous threads on the body secreted by the worm, and are ingested by the worm [149][150][151]. Further, the hemoglobins of Alvinellidae exhibit very high affinities for oxygen counterbalanced by a pronounced Bohr effect, which allows for an enhanced release of oxygen under low-pH conditions [152][153][154].…”

Section: Low Oxygen: Organic Enrichment Sulfidic Methanic Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annelids in Extreme Aquatic Environments: Diversity, Adaptations and Evolution

2021

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We review the variety of morphological, physiological and behavioral modifications that annelids have acquired to cope with environments either unsuitable for, or on the limits of, survival for most animals. We focus on polychaetes (excluding sipunculans and echiurans) and clitellates (oligochaetes and leeches) and source information mostly from the primary literature. We identified many modifications common to both polychaetes and clitellates, and others that are specific to one or the other group. For example, certain land-adapted polychaetes show reduction in nuchal organs, epidermal ciliation and receptor cells, and other coastal polychaetes use adhesive glands and glue-reinforced tubes to maintain position in surf zones, while oligochaetes, with their simple body plans, appear to be ‘pre-adapted’ to life underground. Modifications common to both groups include the ability to construct protective cocoons, make cryoprotective substances such as antifreeze and heat shock proteins, develop gills, transform their bodies into a home for symbiotic chemoautotrophic bacteria, metabolize contaminants, and display avoidance behaviors. Convergent evolution in both directions has enabled annelids to transition from salt water to freshwater, sea to land via beaches, freshwater to soil, and surface water to subterranean water. A superficially simple worm-like body and a mostly benthic/burrowing lifestyle has facilitated radiation into every conceivable environment, making annelids among the most common and diverse animal groups on the planet.

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“…Additionally, significant differences among the habitats of these dominant vent species have been discovered (22)(23)(24). For example, depleted oxygen and near millimolar concentrations of sulfide have been reported from many vent sites where A. pompejana thrives (25)(26)(27). The decapod vent shrimp, Rimicaris exoculate, forms aggregations in the turbulent, mixing interface of hot fluids and seawater along chimney walls, where the oxygen concentration is apparently high (28).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endosymbionts of Metazoans Dwelling in the PACManus Hydrothermal Vent: Diversity and Potential Adaptive Features Revealed by Genome Analysis

Wang

Li³

et al. 2020

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Deep-sea hydrothermal vent communities are dominated by invertebrates, namely bathymodiolin mussels, siboglinid tubeworms, and provannid snails. Symbiosis is considered key to successful colonization by these sedentary species in such extreme environments. In the PACManus vent fields, snails, tubeworms, and mussels each colonized a niche with distinct geochemical characteristics. To better understand the metabolic potentials and genomic features contributing to host-environment adaptation, we compared genomes of the symbionts of Bathymodiolus manusensis, Arcovestia ivanovi, and Alviniconcha boucheti sampled at PACManus and discuss their environmental adaptive features. We found that B. manusensis and A. ivanovi are colonized by γ-proteobacteria from distinct clades, whereas endosymbionts of B. manusensis feature high intraspecific heterogeneity with differing metabolic potentials. A. boucheti harbored three novel ϵ-proteobacteria symbionts, suggesting potential species-level diversity of snail symbionts . Genome comparisons revealed gene families related to low pH homeostasis, metal resistance, oxidative stress resistance, environmental sensing/responses, and chemotaxis and motility were most abundant in A. ivanovi's symbiont, followed by symbionts of the vent-mouth-dwelling snail A. boucheti, and relatively low in the vent-periphery-dwelling mussel B. manusensis, which is consistent with their environmental adaptation and host-symbiont interactions. Gene families classified to host interaction/attachment, virulence factors/toxins, and eukaryotic-like proteins were most abundant in symbionts of mussels and least abundant in those of snails, indicating these symbionts may differ in their host-colonization strategy. Comparison of ϵ-symbionts to non-symbionts demonstrated the expanded gene families in symbionts were related to VB12 synthesis, toxin-antitoxin, methylation, and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, suggesting these are vital to symbiotic establishment and development in ϵ-proteobacteria. Importance Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are dominated by several invertebrate species. The establishment of symbiosis has long been thought to be the key to successful colonization by these sedentary species in such harsh environments. Yet the relationships between symbiotic bacteria and their hosts, and their role in environment adaptations generally remain unclear. In this paper, we show that the distribution of three host species showed characteristic niche partitioning in the Manus Basin, giving us opportunity to understand how they adapt to their particular habitats. This study also revealed three novel genomes of symbionts from the snails of A. boucheti. Combined with a dataset of other ectosymbiont and free-living bacteria, genome comparisons of the snail endosymbionts pointed to several genetic traits that may have contributed to the lifestyle shift into the epithelial cells in ϵ-proteobacteria. These findings could increase our understanding of invertebrate–endosymbiont in deep-sea ecosystems.

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Microbial Habitats Associated with Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Invertebrates: Insights from Microanalysis and Geochemical Modeling

Cited by 4 publications

References 62 publications

7.7.4 Alvinellidae Desbruyères & Laubier, 1986

7.7.4 Alvinellidae Desbruyères & Laubier, 1986

Annelids in Extreme Aquatic Environments: Diversity, Adaptations and Evolution

Endosymbionts of Metazoans Dwelling in the PACManus Hydrothermal Vent: Diversity and Potential Adaptive Features Revealed by Genome Analysis

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