Microbial Growth in Drinking-Water Supplies: Problems, Causes, Control and Research Needs

Kooij, D. van der; Wielen, P.W.J.J. van der

doi:10.2166/9781780400419

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 430 publications

(637 reference statements)

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“…These invertebrate taxa have been previously reported in GAC filters, 17,18 and drinking water distribution mains. 7,64 The difference between GAC and anthracite could be impacted by the biofilm formation rate, 7 as biofilm serves the base of the food web. In other words, different organisms thrive in the filters depending on the overall biological activity.…”

Section: View Article Onlinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Monitoring biofilter efficiency may include water quality parameters such as biological activity (i.e., adenosine triphosphate (ATP)), dissolved oxygen consumption, or various organic carbon measurements (e.g., biodegradable/assimilable organic carbon, fluorescence excitation-emission matrices, size-exclusion chromatography, etc.). 6,7 Strategies such as nutrient addition and upstream oxidant usage have also emerged to improve biofilter performance with respect to a variety of operational challenges (i.e., head loss development, reduced filter time, increased turbidity and particle counts). 8 With these advances in monitoring and operating strategies, water utilities must develop greater understanding of the microbial structure within biofiltration systems to fully evaluate the benefits and possible risks of biofiltration for a specific utility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to direct health effects, FLA can also have indirect health implications by hosting pathogenic bacteria within its vacuoles. 7,24,25 Under these situations, the amoeba may live as trophozoites in suitable environments (such as a biofilter) or as cysts when under stress conditions (such as oxidation). 26,27 If present as cysts, FLA pose a risk to drinking water quality during distribution because the cyst form is highly resistant to chlorine, chloramine, and chlorine dioxide, [28][29][30][31] which are commonly used secondary oxidants in distribution systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Impact of upstream chlorination on filter performance and microbial community structure of GAC and anthracite biofilters

Vera

Gerrity

Stoker

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol.

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a Drinking water filters may be operated to promote or deter biological activity through upstream oxidant addition. While there are several water quality benefits from biofiltration, microbial growth in biofilters warrants further investigation. In this study, routine monitoring detected target DNA sequences for Naegleria fowleri in source water and Acanthamoeba spp. in source water and biofilter effluent, triggering further microbial community characterization. Full-scale anthracite and granular activated carbon (GAC) filters receiving chlorinated waters were compared in terms of effluent water quality (i.e., turbidity and particle counts), biological activity (i.e., adenosine triphosphate (ATP)), and the composition of the microbial community (i.e., 16S/18S rRNA gene sequencing, free-living amoeba). Because of rapid chlorine quenching by GAC, greater biomass development was observed in the GAC biofilter (ATP = 5 × 10 3 -5 × 10 4 pg cm −3 media) than the anthracite filter (ATP = 4 × 10 2 -1 × 10 3 pg cm −3 media). Due to possible sloughed biomass, GAC effluent also had consistently greater turbidity, particle counts, and cellular ATP than the anthracite filter. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed distinct taxonomic differences between the anthracite and GAC filters, and GAC also hosted a more diverse population (Shannon index: GAC = 3.7-5.0 and anthracite = 2.4-2.9). At the genus level, the anthracite filter contained mostly Undibacterium-like taxon (45-68%), while the GAC biofilter was dominated by Massilia (8-36%), Herbaspirillum (2-44%), and unknown Comamonadaceae (9-18%), among others. The presence of viable free-living amoebas was also detected in the GAC biofilter media. Further characterization of the eukaryotic 18S rRNA gene showed that anthracite predominantly harbored copepod Leptodiaptomus (67%), while a majority of the sequences in GAC are unknown.

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Section: View Article Onlinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Impact of upstream chlorination on filter performance and microbial community structure of GAC and anthracite biofilters

Vera

Gerrity

Stoker

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol.

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“…Many of these are kinetic in nature and hence residence time within a system (or water age) may be an indicator of such deterioration [1]. It has also been shown that higher water temperatures may enhance water quality deterioration [2][3][4][5][6]. Many of the chemical changes that influence water quality are driven by reaction kinetics which are temperature dependent, and temperature also influences microbial populations [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relating Water Quality and Age in Drinking Water Distribution Systems Using Self-Organising Maps

et al. 2016

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Understanding and managing water quality in drinking water distribution system is essential for public health and wellbeing, but is challenging due to the number and complexity of interacting physical, chemical and biological processes occurring within vast, deteriorating pipe networks. In this paper we explore the application of Self Organising Map techniques to derive such understanding from international data sets, demonstrating how multivariate, non-linear techniques can be used to identify relationships that are not discernible using univariate and/or linear analysis methods for drinking water quality. The paper reports on how various microbial parameters correlated with modelled water ages and were influenced by water temperatures in three drinking water distribution systems.

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“…The main limitation of this technique is its susceptibility to errors due to the formation of cell clusters and the attachment of cells to inorganic compounds (Van der Kooij et al, 2014). In addition, it is expensive to acquire, requires skilled operators and may not adequately detect pathogenic microbes that occur at very low or very high concentrations in wastewaters (Vesey et al, 1994;Xue et al, 2016).…”

Section: Cytometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding wastewater treatment mechanisms: a review on detection, removal, and purification efficiencies of faecal bacteria indicators across constructed wetlands

Donde

Xiao

2017

Environ. Rev.

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The specific mechanisms of faecal bacterial removal by constructed wetland (CW) mechanisms are inadequately understood. In several circumstances, CWs have been compared to “black box” systems involving poorly understood waste removal mechanisms despite being an emerging environmentally friendly waste management approach. This has therefore attracted numerous scientific studies to further unlock CWs’ functional mechanisms and to increase its efficiencies. This review paper covers detailed information on the status of detection techniques and removal efficiencies of faecal coliforms, with an emphasis on Escherichia coli. A comprehensive literature search was undertaken that involved a comparative review of various study results and critical analysis of previous scientific and review papers. The ultimate objective is to shed further light on the role of wetlands on wastewater purification for improved aquatic ecosystem health and clean water for humans and other organisms.

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Microbial Growth in Drinking-Water Supplies: Problems, Causes, Control and Research Needs

Cited by 30 publications

References 430 publications

Impact of upstream chlorination on filter performance and microbial community structure of GAC and anthracite biofilters

Impact of upstream chlorination on filter performance and microbial community structure of GAC and anthracite biofilters

Relating Water Quality and Age in Drinking Water Distribution Systems Using Self-Organising Maps

Understanding wastewater treatment mechanisms: a review on detection, removal, and purification efficiencies of faecal bacteria indicators across constructed wetlands

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