Microbial Exopolysaccharides as Drug Carriers

Cardea, Stefano

doi:10.3390/polym12092142

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 177 publications

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“…Given their extracellular nature, EPS recovery from the culture broth involves rather simple downstream procedures that usually consist of cell removal, followed by biopolymer precipitation from the cell-free supernatant by addition of a precipitating agent (e.g., methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetone) and drying [ 1 , 8 , 9 ]. Although solvent precipitation with ethanol or acetone is the prevalent technique for EPS extraction, it usually yields rather impure polymers with high salts and/or protein contents [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of the Bacterial Extracellular Polysaccharide FucoPol by Membrane-Based Methods: Efficiency and Impact on Biopolymer Properties

et al. 2022

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In this study, membrane-based methods were evaluated for the recovery of FucoPol, the fucose-rich exopolysaccharide (EPS) secreted by the bacterium Enterobacter A47, aiming at reducing the total water consumption and extraction time, while keeping a high product recovery, thus making the downstream procedure more sustainable and cost-effective. The optimized method involved ultrafiltration of the cell-free supernatant using a 30 kDa molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) membrane that allowed for a 37% reduction of the total water consumption and a 55% reduction of the extraction time, compared to the previously used method (diafiltration-ultrafiltration with a 100 kDa MWCO membrane). This change in the downstream procedure improved the product’s recovery (around 10% increase) and its purity, evidenced by the lower protein (8.2 wt%) and inorganic salts (4.0 wt%) contents of the samples (compared to 9.3 and 8.6 wt%, respectively, for the previously used method), without impacting FucoPol’s sugar and acyl groups composition, molecular mass distribution or thermal degradation profile. The biopolymer’s emulsion-forming and stabilizing capacity was also not affected (emulsification activity (EA) with olive oil, at a 2:3 ratio, of 98 ± 0% for all samples), while the rheological properties were improved (the zero-shear viscosity increased from 8.89 ± 0.62 Pa·s to 17.40 ± 0.04 Pa·s), which can be assigned to the higher purity degree of the extracted samples. These findings demonstrate a significant improvement in the downstream procedure raising FucoPol’s recovery, while reducing water consumption and operation time, key criteria in terms of process economic and environmental sustainability. Moreover, those changes improved the biopolymer’s rheological properties, known to significantly impact FucoPol’s utilization in cosmetic, pharmaceutical or food products.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of the Bacterial Extracellular Polysaccharide FucoPol by Membrane-Based Methods: Efficiency and Impact on Biopolymer Properties

et al. 2022

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“…Microbial polysaccharides are mainly water-soluble biopolymers, which can be divided into intracellular polysaccharides, structural polysaccharides, and exopolysaccharides (EPS). Compared with the first two, EPS have broader applications, as well as more comprehensive approaches to extract and process [201][202][203]. Many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi and some algae could produce EPS [204].…”

Section: Marine Microorganisms Exopolysaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Polysaccharides for Wound Dressings Application: An Overview

et al. 2021

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Wound dressings have become a crucial treatment for wound healing due to their convenience, low cost, and prolonged wound management. As cutting-edge biomaterials, marine polysaccharides are divided from most marine organisms. It possesses various bioactivities, which allowing them to be processed into various forms of wound dressings. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the application of marine polysaccharides in wound dressings is particularly important for the studies of wound therapy. In this review, we first introduce the wound healing process and describe the characteristics of modern commonly used dressings. Then, the properties of various marine polysaccharides and their application in wound dressing development are outlined. Finally, strategies for developing and enhancing marine polysaccharide wound dressings are described, and an outlook of these dressings is given. The diverse bioactivities of marine polysaccharides including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, haemostatic properties, etc., providing excellent wound management and accelerate wound healing. Meanwhile, these biomaterials have higher biocompatibility and biodegradability compared to synthetic ones. On the other hand, marine polysaccharides can be combined with copolymers and active substances to prepare various forms of dressings. Among them, emerging types of dressings such as nanofibers, smart hydrogels and injectable hydrogels are at the research frontier of their development. Therefore, marine polysaccharides are essential materials in wound dressings fabrication and have a promising future.

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“…Polymeric nanoparticles are colloidal particles that can be produced by using natural or synthetic polymers [ 2 ]. Among the polymers, the most recognized biopolymers are polysaccharides which are naturally derived compounds as chains of carbohydrate molecules [ 12 , 13 ]. Polysaccharide-based polymers have received significant interest for their use in the fabrication of a drug delivery system as carriers due to their outstanding biocompatibility, biodegradability, ability to promote the release of drug/therapeutic agent, low toxicity, mostly less immunogenic activity, cost-efficiency and stability [ 1 , 2 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polysaccharide-based polymers have received significant interest for their use in the fabrication of a drug delivery system as carriers due to their outstanding biocompatibility, biodegradability, ability to promote the release of drug/therapeutic agent, low toxicity, mostly less immunogenic activity, cost-efficiency and stability [ 1 , 2 , 14 , 15 ]. There are various polysaccharides such as alginate, xanthan gum, starch, curdlan, chitosan, levan, dextran and hyaluronic acid that are used in drug delivery systems as carriers [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resveratrol-Loaded Levan Nanoparticles Produced by Electrohydrodynamic Atomization Technique

et al. 2021

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Considering the significant advances in nanostructured systems in various biomedical applications and the escalating need for levan-based nanoparticles as delivery systems, this study aimed to fabricate levan nanoparticles by the electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHDA) technique. The hydrolyzed derivative of levan polysaccharide from Halomonas smyrnensis halophilic bacteria, hydrolyzed Halomonas levan (hHL), was used. Nanoparticles were obtained by optimizing the EHDA parameters and then they were characterized in terms of morphology, molecular interactions, drug release and cell culture studies. The optimized hHL and resveratrol (RS)-loaded hHL nanoparticles were monodisperse and had smooth surfaces. The particle diameter size of hHL nanoparticles was 82.06 ± 15.33 nm. Additionally, release of RS from the fabricated hHL nanoparticles at different pH conditions were found to follow the first-order release model and hHL with higher RS loading showed a more gradual release. In vitro biocompatibility assay with human dermal fibroblast cell lines was performed and cell behavior on coated surfaces was observed. Nanoparticles were found to be safe for healthy cells. Consequently, the fabricated hHL-based nanoparticle system may have potential use in drug delivery systems for wound healing and tissue engineering applications and surfaces could be coated with these electrosprayed particles to improve cellular interaction.

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Microbial Exopolysaccharides as Drug Carriers

Cited by 23 publications

References 177 publications

Extraction of the Bacterial Extracellular Polysaccharide FucoPol by Membrane-Based Methods: Efficiency and Impact on Biopolymer Properties

Extraction of the Bacterial Extracellular Polysaccharide FucoPol by Membrane-Based Methods: Efficiency and Impact on Biopolymer Properties

Marine Polysaccharides for Wound Dressings Application: An Overview

Resveratrol-Loaded Levan Nanoparticles Produced by Electrohydrodynamic Atomization Technique

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