Microbial enterotypes in personalized nutrition and obesity management

Christensen, Lars; Roager, Henrik Munch; Astrup, Arne; Hjorth, Mads F.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy175

Cited by 136 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…A combined analysis of large patient cohorts from three continents (Europe, Asia, and North America) revealed country‐specific microbial signatures, suggesting that culture and geographic location significantly impact the gut microbiome composition and functional genes it encodes . These geographic microbial signatures are also known to be related to differences in diet, with functional gene enrichments in both babies and adults across geographically distinct sites closely linked with the proportion of plant polysaccharides and simple sugars consumed in the diet . Indeed, short‐term dietary interventions in healthy adults modulate the gut microbiota, in part due to providing a competitive advantage to gut microbes capable of extracting energy from the specific dietary components consumed .…”

Section: Factors That Shape the Gut Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…(51) These geographic microbial signatures are also known to be related to differences in diet, with functional gene enrichments in both babies and adults across geographically distinct sites closely linked with the proportion of plant polysaccharides and simple sugars consumed in the diet. (35,(52)(53)(54) Indeed, short-term dietary interventions in healthy adults modulate the gut microbiota, in part due to providing a competitive advantage to gut microbes capable of extracting energy from the specific dietary components consumed. (1) Although there is currently no standardized approach to account for dietary data in human microbiome studies, this is an area of ongoing investigation.…”

Section: Factors That Shape the Gut Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

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Gut Microbial Metabolism and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

et al. 2018

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The gut microbiome, the multispecies community of microbes that exists in the gastrointestinal tract, encodes several orders of magnitude more functional genes than the human genome. It also plays a pivotal role in human health, in part due to metabolism of environmental, dietary, and host‐derived substrates, which produce bioactive metabolites. Perturbations to the composition and associated metabolic output of the gut microbiome have been associated with a number of chronic liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here, we review the rapidly evolving suite of next‐generation techniques used for studying gut microbiome composition, functional gene content, and bioactive products and discuss relationships with the pathogenesis of NAFLD.

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Section: Factors That Shape the Gut Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Factors That Shape the Gut Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbial Metabolism and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

et al. 2018

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“…Recently, a stratification of individuals in enterotypes by gut microbiota composition has been proposed, with the most important patterns being the P-type (dominated by Prevotella) and the B-type (dominated by Bacteroides), which probably exist as a continuum, rather than separate entities [226]. The P-type-characterized by hydrolase activity-has been associated with a high-fiber and resistant starch rich diet; while the B-type-characterized by saccharolytic and proteolytic capacity-has been associated with high-fat, low-fiber, Western-type diets [226]. In response to arabinoxylans from grain bran, P-type individuals produced larger amount of SCFAs (especially propionate) and showed higher weight loss and improvements in glucose metabolism when compared to B-type individuals [227][228][229].…”

Section: The Impact Of the Gut Microbiota On The Human Energy Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In response to arabinoxylans from grain bran, P-type individuals produced larger amount of SCFAs (especially propionate) and showed higher weight loss and improvements in glucose metabolism when compared to B-type individuals [227][228][229]. On the other hand, B-type individuals lose more weight on a bifidogenic diet (rich in inulin and oligosaccharides) [226]. Should these data be confirmed in larger samples, they suggest a differential individual response to the same food, according to gut microbiota composition and ability to metabolize food, extracting more or less energy from it.…”

Section: The Impact Of the Gut Microbiota On The Human Energy Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review on the Role of Food and Nutrition in the Energy Balance

Fadda

Fedele

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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The mass media has increasingly frequently suggested to the general population that specific foods or nutritional schemes are able to affect both human metabolism and energy expenditure, thus facilitating weight loss. This critical review is aimed at assessing available evidence on the roles of nutrients, food and dietary regimens in energy intake and energy expenditure. We queried the National Library of Medicine, the Cochrane Library, Excerpta Medica dataBASEand the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature database, and a search strategy was performed by using database-specific subject headings and keywords. We found that available scientific evidence on these topics is scarce, and that the limited number of available studies often have poor methodological quality. Only a few foods show beneficial effects on metabolism and energy expenditure, as the human energy balance is complex and multifactorial. Finally, microbiota may interfere with the intake, use and expenditure of energy in the human body. Conclusive evidence is still lacking, and, at present, it is not possible to identify a food or a diet with a significant impact on human energy expenditure.

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“…The underlying assumption that a given dietary component would elicit the same type of effect on the gut microbiota in all individuals has been heavily challenged in recent years (Zeevi et al 2015;Christensen et al 2018;Johnson et al 2019). Applying metabolomics in the field of nutrition science may provide new answers to the mechanisms underpinning inter-individual differences in dietary responses and the modes of action of individual dietary components.…”

Section: Advancing Nutrition By Metabolomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet‐derived microbial metabolites in health and disease

Roager

Dragsted

2019

Nutrition Bulletin

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The gut microbiota helps us digest food and has been associated with both good health and risk of disease. Although compositions of the gut microbiota are highly divergent, the gut microbiota exhibits a high level of functional redundancy making it difficult to reliably link gut microbiome patterns to health and diet across individuals. Thus, there is a need to move beyond profiling of the gut microbial composition to the assessment of gut microbial metabolic activity in order to expand knowledge on the impact of the gut microbiota on health. Metabolomics has already proven its utility in identifying gut‐derived microbial metabolites, which may be mediators of diet‐induced host–microbial crosstalk important for health. These diet‐derived metabolites include, among many others, the short‐chain fatty acids originating from bacterial degradation of dietary fibres and proteins, secondary bile acids derived from primary bile acids, microbial tryptophan catabolites resulting from proteolysis, imidazole propionate produced from histidine and trimethylamine N‐oxide, a host–microbial co‐metabolite of nutrients such as phosphatidylcholine, choline and L‐carnitine, present in high‐fat foods. These co‐metabolites have been associated with beneficial and detrimental effects in the host. However, the vast majority of metabolites measured by untargeted metabolomics in human blood and excreta remain unknown and may include additional microbial molecules of importance for health. Thus, there is great potential, yet to be explored, for identifying additional diet‐derived microbial products that affect the host. Herein, we review key advances, challenges and limitations in our understanding of diet–microbiome interactions and diet‐derived microbial metabolites in relation to human health and discuss how metabolomics may shed light on inter‐individual differences in dietary responses.

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Microbial enterotypes in personalized nutrition and obesity management

Cited by 136 publications

References 69 publications

Gut Microbial Metabolism and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Gut Microbial Metabolism and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

A Critical Review on the Role of Food and Nutrition in the Energy Balance

Diet‐derived microbial metabolites in health and disease

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