Microbial Diversity of the Brine-Seawater Interface of the Kebrit Deep, Red Sea, Studied via 16S rRNA Gene Sequences and Cultivation Methods

Eder, Wolfgang; Jahnke, L. L.; Schmidt, Mark; Huber, Robert

doi:10.1128/aem.67.7.3077-3085.2001

Cited by 131 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…These contrasting conditions are likely to influence the composition, vertical distributions and level of abundances of the microbial communities strongly. However, only two primary studies of microbial diversity at the brine-seawater interface have been carried out at the Kebrit and Shaban Deeps in the Red Sea (Eder et al, 2001(Eder et al, , 2002 and microbial communities in water column of the Red Sea have yet to be explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical stratification of microbial communities in the Red Sea revealed by 16S rDNA pyrosequencing

et al. 2010

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The ecosystems of the Red Sea are among the least-explored microbial habitats in the marine environment. In this study, we investigated the microbial communities in the water column overlying the Atlantis II Deep and Discovery Deep in the Red Sea. Taxonomic classification of pyrosequencing reads of the 16S rRNA gene amplicons showed vertical stratification of microbial diversity from the surface water to 1500 m below the surface. Significant differences in both bacterial and archaeal diversity were observed in the upper (2 and 50 m) and deeper layers (200 and 1500 m). There were no obvious differences in community structure at the same depth for the two sampling stations. The bacterial community in the upper layer was dominated by Cyanobacteria whereas the deeper layer harbored a large proportion of Proteobacteria. Among Archaea, Euryarchaeota, especially Halobacteriales, were dominant in the upper layer but diminished drastically in the deeper layer where Desulfurococcales belonging to Crenarchaeota became the dominant group. The results of our study indicate that the microbial communities sampled in this study are different from those identified in water column in other parts of the world. The depth-wise compositional variation in the microbial communities is attributable to their adaptations to the various environments in the Red Sea.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical stratification of microbial communities in the Red Sea revealed by 16S rDNA pyrosequencing

et al. 2010

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“…The deep brine pools of the Red Sea, located along tectonic rift systems on its seabed, are considered an unexplored and remote source with high potential for the discovery of novel extremophilic enzymes (Grötzinger et al 2014 ;Antunes et al 2011 ;Eder et al 2001 ). Temperatures in these brine pools vary from 23.3 °C (Kebrit) to 68.2 °C (Atlantis II) with salinities of 25 to 28 % (w/v) (Antunes et al 2011 ;Wang et al 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of halophilic proteins using Haloferax volcanii H1895 in a stirred-tank bioreactor

Strillinger

Grötzinger

Allers

et al. 2015

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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The success of biotechnological processes is based on the availability of efficient and highly specific biocatalysts, which can satisfy industrial demands. Extreme and remote environments like the deep brine pools of the Red Sea represent highly interesting habitats for the discovery of novel halophilic and thermophilic enzymes. Haloferax volcanii constitutes a suitable expression system for halophilic enzymes obtained from such brine pools. We developed a batch process for the cultivation of H. volcanii H1895 in controlled stirred-tank bioreactors utilising knockouts of components of the flagella assembly system. The standard medium Hv-YPC was supplemented to reach a higher cell density. Without protein expression, cell dry weight reaches 10 g L . Two halophilic alcohol dehydrogenases were expressed under the control of the tryptophanase promoter p.tna with 16.8 and 3.2 mg g , respectively, at a maximum cell dry weight of 6.5 g L . Protein expression was induced by the addition of L-tryptophan. Investigation of various expression strategies leads to an optimised two-step induction protocol introducing 6 mM L-tryptophan at an OD of 0.4 followed by incubation for 16 h and a second induction step with 3 mM L-tryptophan followed by a final incubation time of 4 h. Compared with the uncontrolled shaker-flask cultivations used until date, dry cell mass concentrations were improved by a factor of more than 5 and cell-specific enzyme activities showed an up to 28-fold increased yield of the heterologous proteins.

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“…Thus far, DHABs in the Mediterranean and Red Sea have provided exciting new insights into novel microbial diversity and have extended our knowledge of environmental factors that define the limits of life (Eder et al, 1999(Eder et al, , 2001Hallsworth et al, 2007). Studies of Discovery, L'Atalante, Urania, Thetis and Bannock basins revealed that DHAB interfaces harbor abundant and diverse microbial communities that include numerous novel candidate divisions that are more productive than most pelagic marine systems (see, for example, Sass et al, 2001;Van Der Wielen et al, 2005;Yakimov et al, 2007;Edgcomb et al, 2009;Stock et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling microbial activities along the halocline of Thetis, a deep-sea hypersaline anoxic basin

et al. 2014

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Deep-sea hypersaline anoxic basins (DHABs) in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea are considered some of the most hostile environments on Earth. Little is known about the biochemical adaptations of microorganisms living in these habitats. This first metatranscriptome analysis of DHAB samples provides significant insights into shifts in metabolic activities of microorganisms as physicochemical conditions change from deep Mediterranean sea water to brine. The analysis of Thetis DHAB interface indicates that sulfate reduction occurs in both the upper (7.0-16.3% salinity) and lower (21.4-27.6%) halocline, but that expression of dissimilatory sulfate reductase is reduced in the more hypersaline lower halocline. High dark-carbon assimilation rates in the upper interface coincided with high abundance of transcripts for ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase affiliated to sulfuroxidizing bacteria. In the lower interface, increased expression of genes associated with methane metabolism and osmoregulation is noted. In addition, in this layer, nitrogenase transcripts affiliated to uncultivated putative methanotrophic archaea were detected, implying nitrogen fixation in this anoxic habitat, and providing evidence of linked carbon, nitrogen and sulfur cycles.

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Microbial Diversity of the Brine-Seawater Interface of the Kebrit Deep, Red Sea, Studied via 16S rRNA Gene Sequences and Cultivation Methods

Cited by 131 publications

References 67 publications

Vertical stratification of microbial communities in the Red Sea revealed by 16S rDNA pyrosequencing

Vertical stratification of microbial communities in the Red Sea revealed by 16S rDNA pyrosequencing

Production of halophilic proteins using Haloferax volcanii H1895 in a stirred-tank bioreactor

Unveiling microbial activities along the halocline of Thetis, a deep-sea hypersaline anoxic basin

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