Microbial diversity in the floral nectar of seven<i>Epipactis</i>(Orchidaceae) species

Jacquemyn, Hans; Lenaerts, Marijke; Tyteca, Daniel; Lievens, Bart

doi:10.1002/mbo3.103

Cited by 47 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Herrera, García & Perez 2008). Jacquemyn et al (2013) found high micro-organism diversity in orchid nectar in the same study area, especially in animal-pollinated species. Even though flowers where bagged 24 h prior to sampling to allow nectar accumulation; contamination of the nectar of flowers open prior to the bagging cannot be excluded.…”

Section: A R I a T I O N I N N E C T A R C O M P O S I T I O Nmentioning

confidence: 89%

Landscape scale variation in nectar amino acid and sugar composition in a Lepidoptera pollinated orchid species and its relation with fruit set

2013

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Summary1. Understanding landscape scale variation in reproductive and pollination success is a major aim of plant population biology. A potential determinant of reproductive success that has received surprisingly little attention so far is variation in nectar chemical composition across plant individuals and populations. Using the Lepidoptera pollinated fragrant orchid (Gymnadenia conopsea) as a model species, we aimed at providing a first account of landscape scale variation in nectar amino acid and sugar composition, its environmental drivers, and how it may affect plant fruit set. 2. Nectar was sampled from 986 flowers from 296 individuals across eleven discrete populations of the G. conopsea. The proportions of sugars and amino acids were determined using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography. Nectar composition was related to soil characteristics of the populations, and to fruit set, using linear mixed models.3. Approximately, 20% of the variance in nectar traits was situated between populations, whereas the highest proportion of variance (c. 45%) was found among flowers within individuals. Soil carbon and nitrogen content affected both nectar concentration and composition. Furthermore, fruit set of G. conopsea individuals was found to be significantly related to nectar amino acid and sugar composition. 4. Synthesis. These results show that landscape scale variation in nectar amino acid and sugar composition should be taken into account in future studies of plant reproductive success. Furthermore, there is also high within-plant variation in both nectar amino acid and sugar composition. This variation may reduce geitonogamous pollination, but it may also limit rapid pollinator-mediated selection on nectar composition.

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Section: A R I a T I O N I N N E C T A R C O M P O S I T I O Nmentioning

confidence: 89%

Landscape scale variation in nectar amino acid and sugar composition in a Lepidoptera pollinated orchid species and its relation with fruit set

2013

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“…Nectar-inhabiting microbes disperse across flowers via flower-visiting animals (Brysch-Herzberg 2004, Herrera et al 2010, Belisle et al 2012, Jacquemyn et al 2013, Schaeffer and Irwin 2014. Local communities of nectar microbes are highly ephemeral as the host flowers inevitably disappear as they wither, but the collection of flowers on a host plant functions as a microbial metacommunity that lasts longer than individual flowers while the plant is in bloom (Belisle et al 2012).…”

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confidence: 99%

Priority effects can persist across floral generations in nectar microbial metacommunities

Toju

Vannette

Gauthier

et al. 2017

Oikos

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The order of species arrival can influence how species interact with one another and, consequently, which species may coexist in local communities. This phenomenon, called priority effects, has been observed in various types of communities, but it remains unclear whether priority effects persist over the long term spanning multiple generations of local communities in metacommunities. Focusing on bacteria and yeasts that colonize floral nectar of the sticky monkey flower, Mimulus aurantiacus, via hummingbirds and other flower‐visiting animals, we experimentally manipulated initial microbial dominance on plants (regarded as metacommunities) to examine whether its effects persisted across multiple generations of flowers (regarded as local microbial habitats). The experimental introduction of Neokomagataea (= Gluconobacter) bacteria and Metschnikowia yeasts into wild flowers showed that the effects of initial dominance were observable across multiple floral generations. Three weeks after introduction, corresponding approximately to three floral generations, Neokomagataea introduction led to exclusion of yeasts, whereas Metschnikowia introduction did not result in the exclusion of Neokomagataea. Our results suggest that, even when local habitats are ephemeral, priority effects may influence multiple generations of local communities within metacommunities.

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“…Nectar is composed of various ratios of hexoses such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose with minor constituents such as amino acids, lipids, phenolic content, and esters [110, 111]. Nectar harbors a microbial community as well [112, 113]. Mosquitoes have a preference to certain plants as their energy source.…”

Section: Plant Derived Polyphenols and Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of metagenomic interplay on the mosquito redox homeostasis

Champion

2017

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

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Mosquitoes are exposed to oxidative challenges throughout their life cycle. The primary challenge comes from a blood meal. The blood digestion turns the midgut into an oxidative environment, which imposes pressure not only on mosquito fecundity and other physiological traits but also on the microbiota in the midgut. During evolution, mosquitoes have developed numerous oxidative defense mechanisms to maintain redox homeostasis in the midgut. In addition to antioxidants, SOD, catalase, and glutathione system, sufficient supply of the reducing agent, NADPH, is vital for a successful defense against oxidative stress. Increasing evidence indicates that in response to oxidative stress, cells reconfigure metabolic pathways to increase the generation of NADPH through NADP-reducing networks including the pentose phosphate pathway and others. The microbial homeostasis is critical for the functional contributions to various host phenotypes. The symbiotic microbiota is regulated largely by the Duox-ROS pathway in Drosophila. In mosquitoes, Duox-ROS pathway, heme-mediated signaling, antimicrobial peptide production and C-type lectins work in concert to maintain the dynamic microbial community in the midgut. Microbial mechanisms against oxidative stress in this context are not well understood. Emerging evidence that microbial metabolites trigger host oxidative response warrants further study on the metagenomic interplay in an oxidative environment like mosquito gut ecosystem. Besides the classical Drosophila model, hematophagous insects like mosquitoes provide an alternative model system to study redox homeostasis in a symbiotic metagenomic context.

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Microbial diversity in the floral nectar of sevenEpipactis(Orchidaceae) species

Cited by 47 publications

References 61 publications

Landscape scale variation in nectar amino acid and sugar composition in a Lepidoptera pollinated orchid species and its relation with fruit set

Landscape scale variation in nectar amino acid and sugar composition in a Lepidoptera pollinated orchid species and its relation with fruit set

Priority effects can persist across floral generations in nectar microbial metacommunities

The impact of metagenomic interplay on the mosquito redox homeostasis

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