Microbial diversity at Mitchell Peninsula, Eastern Antarctica: a potential biodiversity “hotspot”

Ji, Mukan; Dorst, Josie van; Bissett, Andrew; Brown, Mark V.; Palmer, Anne S.; Snape, Ian; Siciliano, Steven D.; Ferrari, Belinda C.

doi:10.1007/s00300-015-1776-y

Cited by 67 publications

(56 citation statements)

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“…Moreover, corroborating earlier studies (Männistö et al, 2007, 2013), the high abundance of Acidobacteria was likely linked to the low pH in the Kilpisjärvi soils (Chu et al, 2010; Griffiths et al, 2011). Also, the high abundance of candidate division AD3 in Kilpisjärvi (Figure 5B) was consistent with similar findings for the Mitchell peninsula in Antarctica (Ji et al, 2015) and low-nutrient sandy soils (Zhou et al, 2003). However, earlier studies by Männistö et al (2007, 2013) have not detected candidate division AD3 in high-SOM Kilpisjärvi soils.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Plants Assemble Species Specific Bacterial Communities from Common Core Taxa in Three Arcto-Alpine Climate Zones

et al. 2017

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Evidence for the pivotal role of plant-associated bacteria to plant health and productivity has accumulated rapidly in the last years. However, key questions related to what drives plant bacteriomes remain unanswered, among which is the impact of climate zones on plant-associated microbiota. This is particularly true for wild plants in arcto-alpine biomes. Here, we hypothesized that the bacterial communities associated with pioneer plants in these regions have major roles in plant health support, and this is reflected in the formation of climate and host plant specific endophytic communities. We thus compared the bacteriomes associated with the native perennial plants Oxyria digyna and Saxifraga oppositifolia in three arcto-alpine regions (alpine, low Arctic and high Arctic) with those in the corresponding bulk soils. As expected, the bulk soil bacterial communities in the three regions were significantly different. The relative abundances of Proteobacteria decreased progressively from the alpine to the high-arctic soils, whereas those of Actinobacteria increased. The candidate division AD3 and Acidobacteria abounded in the low Arctic soils. Furthermore, plant species and geographic region were the major determinants of the structures of the endophere communities. The plants in the alpine region had higher relative abundances of Proteobacteria, while plants from the low- and high-arctic regions were dominated by Firmicutes. A highly-conserved shared set of ubiquitous bacterial taxa (core bacteriome) was found to occur in the two plant species. Burkholderiales, Actinomycetales and Rhizobiales were the main taxa in this core, and they were also the main contributors to the differences in the endosphere bacterial community structures across compartments as well as regions. We postulate that the composition of this core is driven by selection by the two plants.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Plants Assemble Species Specific Bacterial Communities from Common Core Taxa in Three Arcto-Alpine Climate Zones

et al. 2017

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“…For example, the McMurdo Dry Valleys, a well-studied site of Antarctica, has been found to be dominated by Proteobacteria (Clocksin et al, 2007; Cary et al, 2010); Miers Valley, is dominated by Bacteriodetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria (Stomeo et al, 2012), and Victoria Land is comprised of a heterogeneous bacterial community encompassing Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Cyanobacteria (Kim et al, 2015). The variability in diversity structures in each of these sites may be due to variable organic matter content (Takebayashi et al, 2007; Bell et al, 2013; Ji et al, 2015). Previously, the dominance of Proteobacteria was linked with areas rich in higher organic matter (Bell et al, 2013) and moisture content (Horn et al, 2014; Niederberger et al, 2015), while dominance of Actinobacteria has been documented in arid soils (Niederberger et al, 2015), and linked to low moisture and nutrients (Takebayashi et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, NGS tools have been used to uncover bacterial (Tytgat et al, 2014; van Dorst et al, 2014; Ji et al, 2015) and fungal diversity (Kochkina et al, 2012; Ji et al, 2015) from Antarctic soil sources. This not only revealed previously unclassified bacterial diversity but also increased the size of microbial diversity datasets, improving access to vast microbial communities within a range of biospheres (Tytgat et al, 2014; Ji et al, 2015). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Diversity of Browning Peninsula, Eastern Antarctica Revealed Using Molecular and Cultivation Methods

Pudasaini

Wilson

et al. 2017

Front. Microbiol.

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Browning Peninsula is an ice-free polar desert situated in the Windmill Islands, Eastern Antarctica. The entire site is described as a barren landscape, comprised of frost boils with soils dominated by microbial life. In this study, we explored the microbial diversity and edaphic drivers of community structure across this site using traditional cultivation methods, a novel approach the soil substrate membrane system (SSMS), and culture-independent 454-tag pyrosequencing. The measured soil environmental and microphysical factors of chlorine, phosphate, aspect and elevation were found to be significant drivers of the bacterial community, while none of the soil parameters analyzed were significantly correlated to the fungal community. Overall, Browning Peninsula soil harbored a distinctive microbial community in comparison to other Antarctic soils comprised of a unique bacterial diversity and extremely limited fungal diversity. Tag pyrosequencing data revealed the bacterial community to be dominated by Actinobacteria (36%), followed by Chloroflexi (18%), Cyanobacteria (14%), and Proteobacteria (10%). For fungi, Ascomycota (97%) dominated the soil microbiome, followed by Basidiomycota. As expected the diversity recovered from culture-based techniques was lower than that detected using tag sequencing. However, in the SSMS enrichments, that mimic the natural conditions for cultivating oligophilic “k-selected” bacteria, a larger proportion of rare bacterial taxa (15%), such as Blastococcus, Devosia, Herbaspirillum, Propionibacterium and Methylocella and fungal (11%) taxa, such as Nigrospora, Exophiala, Hortaea, and Penidiella were recovered at the genus level. At phylum level, a comparison of OTU's showed that the SSMS shared 21% of Acidobacteria, 11% of Actinobacteria and 10% of Proteobacteria OTU's with soil. For fungi, the shared OTUs was 4% (Basidiomycota) and <0.5% (Ascomycota). This was the first known attempt to culture microfungi using the SSMS which resulted in an increase in diversity from 14 to 57 microfungi OTUs compared to standard cultivation. Furthermore, the SSMS offers the opportunity to retrieve a greater diversity of bacterial and fungal taxa for future exploitation.

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“…While the bias towards heterotrophs remains, we suggest the SSMS is unsuitable to characterise total soil bacterial communities. As discussed earlier, the capacity to recover species in low abundance and species with oligotrophic growth strategies is crucial for ecotoxicology484546 and soil ecology investigations47484950. To that end, extracting total gDNA directly from the soil and targeting taxonomic markers on one of the current sequencing platforms remains the ideal method to profile microbial communities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Culturing Techniques Select for Heterotrophs and Hydrocarbon Degraders in a Subantarctic Soil

Dorst

Hince

Snape

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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The soil substrate membrane system (SSMS) is a novel micro-culturing technique targeted at terrestrial soil systems. We applied the SSMS to pristine and diesel fuel spiked polar soils, along with traditional solid media culturing and culture independent 454 tag pyrosequencing to elucidate the effects of diesel fuel on the soil community. The SSMS enriched for up to 76% of the total soil diversity within high diesel fuel concentration soils, in contrast to only 26% of the total diversity for the control soils. The majority of organisms originally recovered with the SSMS were lost in the transfer to solid media, with all 300 isolates belonging to Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria or Bacteroidetes, the four phyla most frequently associated with soil culturing efforts. The soils spiked with high diesel fuel concentrations exhibited reduced species richness, diversity and a selection towards heterotrophs and hydrocarbon degraders in comparison to the control soils. Based on these observations and the unusually high level of overlap in microbial taxa observed between methods, we suggest the SSMS holds potential to exploit hydrocarbon degraders and other targets within simplified bacterial systems, yet is inadequate for soil ecology and ecotoxicology studies where identifying rare oligotrophic species is paramount.

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Microbial diversity at Mitchell Peninsula, Eastern Antarctica: a potential biodiversity “hotspot”

Cited by 67 publications

References 50 publications

Plants Assemble Species Specific Bacterial Communities from Common Core Taxa in Three Arcto-Alpine Climate Zones

Plants Assemble Species Specific Bacterial Communities from Common Core Taxa in Three Arcto-Alpine Climate Zones

Microbial Diversity of Browning Peninsula, Eastern Antarctica Revealed Using Molecular and Cultivation Methods

Novel Culturing Techniques Select for Heterotrophs and Hydrocarbon Degraders in a Subantarctic Soil

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