Microbial Detection from Used Face Masks and Hygiene Practices

Abstract

Background: The use of face masks for preventing the transmission of respiratory illnesses has proven to be quite effective in view of recent events. However, guidelines on proper use of face masks and hygiene practices tend to be overlooked raising the concern of potential secondary infections. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the number of microbial isolates and hygiene practices in regard to mask usage.Methods: An observational study was conducted in the Microbiology Department at ABVIMS & Dr RML Hospital, New Delhi in which 47 used face masks were collected from individuals with varying occupations for 4 months. A pre-designed, pre-tested questionnaire was used. Bacterial and fungal culturing were done as per microbiological standards. Molecular PCR was performed for SARS-CoV-2 virus detection. Chisquare test was used to test associations between qualitative variables.Results: Cloth masks (23, 48.94%), surgical masks (13, 27.66%) and N95 masks (11, 23.40%) were collected. On observation, proper wearing of masks was higher among healthcare workers as compared to other study groups of drivers, hawkers and maids (p value: 0.025). The proportion of masks showing culture positivity showed a drastic rise in relation to the duration of usage of masks. Ninety-three bacteria were isolated with coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) (37, 39.78%) constituting the majority. Aspergillus species (18, 48.64%) was the predominant fungal isolate. Conclusion:According to this study, microbial isolates increase with an increased duration of wear. Good practices regarding the use of face masks and hygiene need to be promoted.