Microbial Degradation of Woven Fabrics and Protection Against Biodegradation

Gutarowska, Beata; Michalski, Andrzej

doi:10.5772/38412

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…It can be seen that flax fibers have a higher content of cellulose (70–75%) and lower content of lignin (2–2.2%) than that of wood sawdust (40–50% and 16–33%, respectively). In conclusion, the results are consistent with those presented by other researchers [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ] who claim that cellulose degrades rapidly in the presence of fungi, whereas lignin degrades less. The results in Figure 3 show weight loss indicating both a biodegradation of natural rubber and NR/FN composites after incubation with microorganism.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Lignin is a three-dimensional polymer with an amorphous structure and pectin is a compound of heteropolysaccharides. Wax consists of a mixture of substituted long chains of aliphatic hydrocarbons containing alkaline, fatty acids, primary and secondary alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, and other elements [ 14 ]. The FT-IR spectrum of the NR/natural fibers composites ( Figure 13 , Figure 14 , Figure 15 and Figure 16 ) shows: (a) a three-shoulder band with a maximum of 2900 cm −1 assigned to deformation vibrations of C–H groups in methyl and methylene groups [CH 3 , CH 2 , CH 2 –OH] found in cellulose and lignin; these overlap onto the absorption peaks seen at 2970–2830 cm −1 for NR which are assigned to ν as (CH 3 ), ν as (CH 2 ), and ν s (CH 2 ), respectively [ 53 , 58 ]; (b) an absorption band at 1600–1720 cm −1 (overlapping absorption bands in the spectral region at 1670–1640 cm −1 in the NR structure), due to the valence vibration of homogeneous double bonds (ν C=C ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to cellulose, natural fibers also contain small amounts (up to 10–30%) of compounds such as hemicellulose and lignin, providing fibers with rigidity, and pectins, which act as a kind of glue. Hemicelluloses and pectins may be decomposed by enzymes such as xylanase, galactosidase, mannosidase, glucuronidase, pectinesterase, glycosidase and others, produced by various microorganisms [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. The structure of lignin makes it the slowest plant component to decompose, as phenylpropane compounds are linked by ether and carbon bonds and are therefore highly resistant to enzymatic decomposition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and Characterization of Polymer Eco-Composites Based on Natural Rubber Reinforced with Natural Fibers

et al. 2017

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Natural rubber composites filled with short natural fibers (flax and sawdust) were prepared by blending procedure and the elastomer cross-linking was carried out using benzoyl peroxide. The microbial degradation of composites was carried out by incubating with Aspergillus niger recognized for the ability to grow and degrade a broad range of substrates. The extent of biodegradation was evaluated by weight loss and cross-linking degree study of composites after 2 months incubation in pure shake culture conditions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) have proved to be precious and valuable instruments for morphological as well as structural characterization of the composites before and after incubation with Aspergillus niger.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and Characterization of Polymer Eco-Composites Based on Natural Rubber Reinforced with Natural Fibers

et al. 2017

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“…Similarly, the antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles coated with bacterial cellulose and those conjugated with regenerated silk fibroin [149] was also reported. On the other hand, the efficacy of the antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles on silk fibroin degradation can be elucidated on other silk degrading bacteria genera like Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Streptomyces, and Serratia as well as fungal degrading silk fibroin [150].…”

Section: Magnetic and Metallic Polymeric Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on the Emerging Applications of Multifaceted Biomedical Polymeric Nanomaterials

Gumel

Annuar

Yusuf

2015

Journal of Nanomaterials

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Biodegradable and biocompatible polymeric nanomaterials, serving as biomedical devices have garnered significant attention as a promising solution to therapeutic management of many chronic diseases. Despite their potentials, majority of the synthetic nanomaterials used in biomedical applications lack crucial properties, for example, ligand binding sites, responsiveness, and switchability to efficiently deliver intended drugs to the target site. Advancements in manipulating nanoscale geometry have incurred the incorporation of triggered release mechanism within the nanomaterials design. This expanded their potential applications beyond nanocarriers to theranostics exhibiting both tandem drug delivery and diagnostic capabilities. Additionally, it highlights possibilities to design nanomaterials that could translate chemical response(s) to photometric display, thus making affordable biosensors and actuators readily available for biomedical exploitation. It is anticipated that, in the near future, these implementations could be made to access some of the most difficult therapy locations, for example, blood brain barrier to provide efficient management of Alzheimer, Huntington, and other neurodegenerative diseases. This review aims to serve as a reference platform by providing the readers with the overview of the recent advancements and cutting-edge techniques employed in the production and instrumentation of such nanomaterials.

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“…Previous studies have tested the survivability of microorganisms on filter materials, which constitute the basic structural material of FRPDs [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. The growth of microorganisms on filter materials is mainly influenced by the availability of organic matter, humidity and temperature, the addition of biocide and the type of microorganism [ 40 , 41 ]. The results have outlined a new direction for the development of protective properties of FRPDs against bioaerosols, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Survivability of Microorganisms Deposited on Filtering Respiratory Protective Devices under Varying Conditions of Humidity

Majchrzycka

Skóra

Gutarowska

2016

IJERPH

Self Cite

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Bioaerosols are common biological factors in work environments, which require routine use of filtering respiratory protective devices (FRPDs). Currently, no studies link humidity changes in the filter materials of such devices, during use, with microorganism survivability. Our aim was to determine the microclimate inside FRPDs, by simulating breathing, and to evaluate microorganism survivability under varying humidity conditions. Breathing was simulated using commercial filtering facepiece respirators in a model system. Polypropylene melt-blown nonwoven fabrics with moisture contents of 40%, 80%, and 200%, were used for assessment of microorganisms survivability. A modified AATCC 100-2004 method was used to measure the survivability of ATCC and NCAIM microorganisms: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. During simulation relative humidity under the facepiece increased after 7 min of usage to 84%–92% and temperature increased to 29–30 °C. S. aureus survived the best on filter materials with 40%–200% moisture content. A decrease in survivability was observed for E. coli and C. albicans when mass humidity decreased. We found that B. subtilis and A. niger proliferated for 48–72 h of incubation and then died regardless of the moisture content. In conclusion, our tests showed that the survivability of microorganisms on filter materials depends on the amount of accumulated moisture and microorganism type.

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Microbial Degradation of Woven Fabrics and Protection Against Biodegradation

Cited by 29 publications

References 73 publications

Development and Characterization of Polymer Eco-Composites Based on Natural Rubber Reinforced with Natural Fibers

Development and Characterization of Polymer Eco-Composites Based on Natural Rubber Reinforced with Natural Fibers

Perspectives on the Emerging Applications of Multifaceted Biomedical Polymeric Nanomaterials

Evaluation of the Survivability of Microorganisms Deposited on Filtering Respiratory Protective Devices under Varying Conditions of Humidity

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