2009
DOI: 10.2146/ajhp070681
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Microbial contamination of syringes during preparation: The direct influence of environmental cleanliness and risk manipulations on end-product quality

Abstract: High contamination rates were measured when the hub of syringes touched nonsterile environmental surfaces and fingers, whereas the drawn-air manipulation was associated with a lower risk of contamination. Working within a properly operating unidirectional airflow primary engineering control in an ISO class 5 cleanroom in accordance with USP chapter 797 requirements was demonstrated to be the best way to avoid bacterial or fungal contamination of injectable drugs directly resulting in patient infections.

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Cited by 75 publications
(58 citation statements)
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References 16 publications
(13 reference statements)
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“…Similar findings were described by Whitfield (1966) and Pasquarella et al (2000). A more recent study shows that the contamination rate of syringes is lower when they are prepared in a controlled environment as compared to a non-controlled environment (Stucki et al 2009). Similar results were found when monitoring an assisted reproductive technology facility (Herlong et al 2008) and a peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) products facility (Ritter et al 2003).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 85%
“…Similar findings were described by Whitfield (1966) and Pasquarella et al (2000). A more recent study shows that the contamination rate of syringes is lower when they are prepared in a controlled environment as compared to a non-controlled environment (Stucki et al 2009). Similar results were found when monitoring an assisted reproductive technology facility (Herlong et al 2008) and a peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) products facility (Ritter et al 2003).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 85%
“…II). Das Risiko der mikrobiellen Kontamination von parenteral zu verabreichenden Arzneimitteln und Infusionslösun-gen 16 , die von medizinischem Personal rekonstituiert oder zubereitet werden [204][205][206], ist abhängig vom Aufwand der hierbei eingesetzten Hygienemaßnahmen und der Umgebung, in der diese Zubereitung stattfindet [207][208][209][210]. Es wird daher empfohlen, eine Risikobewertung für Rekonstitution und Zubereitung von Parenteralia auf der Station durchzuführen, um unter Berücksichtigung der relevantesten Risikofaktoren die notwendigen Rahmenbedingungen festzulegen [211].…”
Section: Die Kommission Empfiehltunclassified
“…Die "Gute Zubereitungspraxis" beschreibt die anerkannten pharmazeutischen Regeln der Herstellung von Arzneimitteln außerhalb der Herstellungserlaubnis nach § 13 Abs. 1 AMG [208,209,211]. 16 Im Kontext dieser Empfehlung geht es um Arzneimittel und Infusionslösungen, die über Gefäßkatheter verabreicht werden.…”
Section: Die Kommission Empfiehltunclassified
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“…Any rate of contamination should be rigorously investigated, but a rate exceeding 0.4% should be deemed unacceptable as an aseptic technique quality-assurance metric, because lower rates of contamination are possible. 1,2 How can the detection capability of this standard test be enhanced to improve the influence of the aseptic technique and disinfection practices of compounding personnel? The results of a study conducted by Sigward et al, 5 which appears in this issue of the Journal, suggest that doping or intentionally contaminating the septum (critical site) of vials increases the sensitivity of media-fill tests.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%