Microbial Contamination of Cosmetics and Personal Care Items in Egypt—shaving Creams and Shampoos

Abdelaziz, Ahmed; Ashour, M. S. E.; Hefni, H.; El–Tayeb, O. M.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2710.1989.tb00218.x

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…T h e results of testing 192 samples of shaving creams and shampoos showed that most of the items were either clean or slightly contaminated with micro-organisms. Only three samples were heavily contaminated with bacteria, and the incidence of fungal contamination as well as the incidence of potential pathogens were much lower than any other class of products examined (4).…”

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confidence: 76%

Microbial Contamination of Cosmetics and Personal Care Items in Egypt—body Lotions and Talcum Powders

et al. 1989

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We examined a total of 54 samples, including 18 body lotions and 36 talcum powders, for their total aerobic bacterial, coliform and fungal counts. We also carried out anaerobic bacterial counts for talcum powder as well as tests to detect some potentially hazardous bacteria in all tested samples. Talcum powders were more heavily contaminated with bacteria and fungi than body lotions. More than 40% of the tested body lotions contained no viable bacteria or less than 100 c.f.u./g. while all the talcum powders tested contained more than 100 c.f.u./g. Thirty per cent of the talcum powders were contaminated with 10(4) c.f.u./g. and none of the body lotions were contaminated to that extent. No coliforms were recovered from any of the body lotions, while 17% of the talcum powder examined contained coliforms in the range of 230-500 c.f.u./g. Staphylococcus spp. were detected in 18 samples of both talcum powders and body lotions, three of these Staphylococci were of the aureus type. Three samples of talcum powder contained E. coli, two samples contained Enterobacter agglomerans and one sample contained Citrobacter freundii. Seventy per cent of the body lotions showed no fungal counts, while 83% of the talcum powders examined were contaminated with fungi and most of the contaminated talcum powders contained more than 100 fungal cells/g. With regard to the anaerobic bacterial counts for talcum powders, 50% of the samples showed no counts while the other 50% contained less than 100 c.f.u./g. Four samples were contaminated with Clostridium perfringens, although C. tetani was not recovered from any of the samples.

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Microbial Contamination of Cosmetics and Personal Care Items in Egypt—body Lotions and Talcum Powders

et al. 1989

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“…Studies performed in developing countries and countries without legislation on microbiological quality of finished products, GMP demands, or sufficient control show that between 30% and 100% of the cosmetic products purchased in stores or at markets are contaminated, and many products are highly contaminated (1000 CFU/g). Potential human pathogenic micro‐organisms were found in all studies (47–52). The general conclusion in these studies is that legislation and control is needed in order to reduce the marketing of contaminated cosmetics.…”

Section: Microbial Contamination Of Cosmetic Productsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Contamination versus preservation of cosmetics: a review on legislation, usage, infections, and contact allergy

et al. 2009

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Cosmetics with high water content are at a risk of being contaminated by micro-organisms that can alter the composition of the product or pose a health risk to the consumer. Pathogenic microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are frequently found in contaminated cosmetics. In order to avoid contamination of cosmetics, the manufacturers add preservatives to their products. In the EU and the USA, cosmetics are under legislation and all preservatives must be safety evaluated by committees. There are several different preservatives available but the cosmetic market is dominated by a few preservatives: parabens, formaldehyde, formaldehyde releasers, and methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone.Allergy to preservatives is one of the main reasons for contact eczema caused by cosmetics. Concentration of the same preservative in similar products varies greatly, and this may indicate that some cosmetic products are over preserved. As development and elicitation of contact allergy is dose dependent, over preservation of cosmetics potentially leads to increased incidences of contact allergy. Very few studies have investigated the antimicrobial efficiency of preservatives in cosmetics, but the results indicate that efficient preservation is obtainable with concentrations well below the maximum allowed.

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“…The microbial growth test was evaluated for preservative property, which control microbial growth. [10][11][12] Bright and firm hybrid emulsion I formulation added Caprylyl Glycol (1,2-Octanediol), Sodium Benzoate, and Potassium Sorbate as a preservative. The result demonstrated that bright and firm hybrid emulsion I formulation did not have microbial growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity, Collagen Synthesis and Stability of Bright and Firm hybrid emulsion I

Bunman¹,

Chinjarernpan²,

Stitsmith³

et al. 2019

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In 2011, Bunman et al., extracted proteoglycan from the head of fish cartilage and developed cream extraction from the head of fish cartilage. Proteoglycan is a hybrid molecule composed of a central core protein by bonding it with polysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans or GAGs) with a covalent bond, previously called mucopolysaccharide due to its physical property (jelly-like, sticky and viscosity). GAGs can be divided into 5 groups: chrondroitin/chorndroitan sulfate, keratin/keratin sulfate, dermatin/dermatan sulfate, heparin/heparan and hyaluronan. Proteoglycan in cartilage plays an important role in wound healing because the molecular structure is similar to an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain. The bioactive mechanism of proteoglycan is also similar to that of EGF with regard to wound healing through promotion of epidermal growth and regeneration of tissues and blood vessels. 1 In 2015, this material was added to silver sulfadiazine to accelerate and facilitate wound healing and to promote collagen synthesis. 1 After that, they studied liver and kidney toxicity in rats receiving cream containing proteoglycan extraction from fish cartilage in 2016. This result demonstrated that the cream containing proteoglycan extracted from fish cartilage accelerated and facilitated wound healing without causing to toxic effects to the liver and kidney in rats in long term use. 2 In 2018, Bunman et al., formulated a new serum for facial use, which when applied promotes collagen synthesis and wrinkle relief. The study demonstrated that this serum has accelerated collagen synthesis and low potential skin sensitization in rat models. 3 In 2019, Bunman developed and formulated a new cream for facial use, called "bright and firm hybrid emulsion I". Bright and firm hybrid emulsion I is composed of many active ingredients such as pseudoalteromonas ferment extract, chlamydomonas extract, hamamelis virginiana (witch hazel) extract, and astaxanthin etc. to reduce wrinkles, to increase facial whitening and to promote collagen synthesis. However, this product does not have scientific findings of antioxidant activity, collagen synthesis, and stability.

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Microbial Contamination of Cosmetics and Personal Care Items in Egypt—shaving Creams and Shampoos

Cited by 10 publications

References 3 publications

Microbial Contamination of Cosmetics and Personal Care Items in Egypt—body Lotions and Talcum Powders

Microbial Contamination of Cosmetics and Personal Care Items in Egypt—body Lotions and Talcum Powders

Contamination versus preservation of cosmetics: a review on legislation, usage, infections, and contact allergy

Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity, Collagen Synthesis and Stability of Bright and Firm hybrid emulsion I

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