Microbial contamination of a disinfectant-soaked unwoven cleaning cloth

Oie, Shigeharu; Arakawa, Jun; Furukawa, Hiroyuki; Matsumoto, Satoshi; Matsuda, Norihiro; Wakamatsu, Hiroya

doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2012.06.010

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Healthcare-associated outbreak reports and cross-sectional studies demonstrating contaminated antiseptics and disinfectants have been published for over 50 years, whereas contaminated liquid soap products have been mostly published since the 2000s [ 8 ]. A total of 15 hospital outbreaks associated with liquid soap have been reported (all but 2 since 2000), of which 11 [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ] and 4 [ 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ] were in HIC and LMIC, respectively; the vast majority was caused by Gram-negative bacteria. As for cross-sectional surveys, 8/25 surveys in LMIC had found contaminated liquid soap samples, all published after 2000 [ 9 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of Gram-Negative Bacteria in Antiseptics, Disinfectants and Hand Hygiene Products in Two Tertiary Care Hospitals in West Africa—A Cross-Sectional Survey

et al. 2023

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Antiseptics, disinfectants, and hand hygiene products can act as reservoirs of Gram-negative bacteria causing healthcare-associated infections. This problem is rarely documented in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. In a cross-sectional survey, we assessed the bacterial contamination of antiseptics, disinfectants, and hand hygiene products in two university hospitals in Burkina Faso and Benin. During ward visits and staff interviews, in-use products were cultured for the presence of Gram-negative bacteria. The growth of Gram-negative bacteria was absent or rare in alcohol-based products, povidone iodine, and Dakin solution. Contamination was highest (73.9% (51/69)) for liquid soap products (versus antiseptic/disinfectants (4.5%, 7/157) (p < 0.0001)), mostly used in high-risk areas and associated with high total bacterial counts (>10000 colony-forming units/mL). Contaminating flora (105 isolates) included Enterobacterales and the Vibrio non-cholerae/Aeromonas group (17.1%) and non-fermentative Gram-negative rods (82.8%). Multidrug resistance was present among 9/16 Enterobacterales (Klebsiella and Enterobacter spp.) and 3/12 Acinetobacter spp., including carbapenem resistance (Acinetobacter baumannii: NDM, Pseudomonas stutzeri: VIM). The risk factors for contamination included the type of product (cleaning grade and in-house prepared liquid soap), use of recycled disposable containers and soft drink bottles, absence of labeling, topping-up of containers, dilution with tap water (pharmacy and ward), and poor-quality management (procurement, stock management, expiry dates, and period after opening).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of Gram-Negative Bacteria in Antiseptics, Disinfectants and Hand Hygiene Products in Two Tertiary Care Hospitals in West Africa—A Cross-Sectional Survey

et al. 2023

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“…In recent years, many studies have shown that this opportunistic pathogen can lead to various infections, such as sepsis, bacteremia, urinary infection, endocarditis, and peritonitis, especially in immunocompromised individuals ( Aisenberg et al, 2004 ). Moreover, this organism can colonize various medical devices, such as disinfectant-soaked unwoven cleaning cloth ( Oie et al, 2012 ), intravascular pressure transducer ( Gahrn-Hansen et al, 1988 ), and chlorhexidine ( Vu-Thien et al, 1998 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hospital Acquired Pneumonia Due to Achromobacter spp. in a Geriatric Ward in China: Clinical Characteristic, Genome Variability, Biofilm Production, Antibiotic Resistance and Integron in Isolated Strains

et al. 2016

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Background: Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) due to Achromobacter has become a substantial concern in recent years. However, HAP due to Achromobacter in the elderly is rare.Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 15 elderly patients with HAP due to Achromobacter spp., in which the sequence types (STs), integrons, biofilm production and antibiotic resistance of the Achromobacter spp. were examined.Results: The mean age of the 15 elderly patients was 88.8 ± 5.4 years. All patients had at least three underlying diseases and catheters. Clinical outcomes improved in 10 of the 15 patients after antibiotic and/or mechanical ventilation treatment, but three patients had chronic infections lasting more than 1 year. The mortality rate was 33.3% (5/15). All strains were resistant to aminoglycosides, aztreonam, nitrofurantoin, and third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins (except ceftazidime and cefoperazone). Six new STs were detected. The most frequent ST was ST306. ST5 was identified in two separate buildings of the hospital. ST313 showed higher MIC in cephalosporins, quinolones and carbapenems, which should be more closely considered in clinical practice. All strains produced biofilm and had integron I and blaOXA-114-like. The main type was blaOXA-114q. The variable region of integron I was different among strains, and the resistance gene of the aminoglycosides was most commonly inserted in integron I. Additionally, blaPSE-1 was first reported in this isolate.Conclusion: Achromobacter spp. infection often occurs in severely ill elders with underlying diseases. The variable region of integrons differs, suggesting that Achromobacter spp. is a reservoir of various resistance genes.

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“…It was indicated that low-level disinfectants like benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine and alkyldiaminothyglycene hydrochloride are not appropriate as the contamination has occurred by microorganisms (Oie, 2012). It has been reported that BCC had been alive in commercially manufactured proviodine iodine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outbreak of Burkholderia cepacia complex associated with contaminated liquid soap for hospital use: A case study

SÃ1⁄4er¹,

GÃ1⁄4venir²,

Otlu³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) is gram negative bacteria which causes different types of human infections including catheter-associated infections and respiratory tract infections especially in immunocompromised patients. This study was conducted to decide the source, to prevent the possible hospital outbreak of BCC and to determine the epidemiological source. Eleven cartridge of liquid soaps were purchased by Near East University Hospital, Nicosia. Liquid soaps were cultured on 5% sheep blood agar and Eosine Methilene Blue Agar at 35°C in 24 h. Colonies which suspected were confirmed by Phoenix 100. Patient blood was cultured in BD Bactec Plus Aerobic culture bottles. BCC strains and patient blood sample were identified by using two different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. The liquid soaps were contaminated with BCC. A few days later, in the blood culture of the 35-year-old Turkish Cyptiot male patient, BCC was identified. The molecular results indicated that the BCC strain isolated from the patient blood culture was identical with the strain isolated from the liquid soaps. The molecular epidemiological studies showed that the patient blood culture strain and the liquid soap strain was in the same cluster. It was suggested that the liquid soaps should always be analyzed and then distributed to the hospital departments.

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Microbial contamination of a disinfectant-soaked unwoven cleaning cloth

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

Growth of Gram-Negative Bacteria in Antiseptics, Disinfectants and Hand Hygiene Products in Two Tertiary Care Hospitals in West Africa—A Cross-Sectional Survey

Growth of Gram-Negative Bacteria in Antiseptics, Disinfectants and Hand Hygiene Products in Two Tertiary Care Hospitals in West Africa—A Cross-Sectional Survey

Hospital Acquired Pneumonia Due to Achromobacter spp. in a Geriatric Ward in China: Clinical Characteristic, Genome Variability, Biofilm Production, Antibiotic Resistance and Integron in Isolated Strains

Outbreak of Burkholderia cepacia complex associated with contaminated liquid soap for hospital use: A case study

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