Microbial Contamination and Insect Rearing

Sikorowski, P. P.; Lawrence, Andrew D.

doi:10.1093/ae/40.4.240

Cited by 46 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…A major issue for mass rearing and production of any insect is microbial contamination (Sikorowski & Lawrence 1994;Cohen 2003;Cohen 2015). For example, Sikorowski et al (1992) found that Pseudomonas maltophilia caused high mortality to the parasitoid wasp Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) (Braconidae: Hymenoptera).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeographic Structure in Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) Populations Inferred With mtDNA Sequencing

Ruiz‐Arce

Owen

Thomas³

et al. 2015

Journal of Economic Entomology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeographic Structure in Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) Populations Inferred With mtDNA Sequencing

Ruiz‐Arce

Owen

Thomas³

et al. 2015

Journal of Economic Entomology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Intensive mass-production together with frequent transport of arthropods may contribute to disease incidence (Sikorowski and Lawrence 1994). Reports of poor performance of several commercial mite populations (Steiner 1993a, b;Steiner and Bjørnson 1996;Raworth and Bjørnson 2002;Blu¨mel and Hausdorf 2002) and of consistent changes in foraging behavior (Dicke et al 2000) have therefore stimulated research in the pathology of this mite (Bjørnson 1998, Bjørnson and Keddie 1999, 2001Bjørnson et al 1996Bjørnson et al , 1997Schu¨tte et al 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Disease Affecting the Predatory Mite Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari, Phytoseiidae): 1. Symptoms in Adult Females

2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Adult female Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Acari, Phytoseiidae) of one of our laboratory populations showed a lower degree of attraction to herbivore-induced plant volatiles than other laboratory populations. We hypothesized earlier that this consistent change in foraging behavior is a symptom of a disease, as it is a contagious phenomenon. Here we describe more symptoms by comparing mated females of this population (non-responding (NR) population) with mated females of other populations that are strongly attracted to herbivore-induced plant volatiles (responding populations). The most apparent characteristic of the NR population was the presence of numerous dorso-ventrally flattened females (76% of all females). These females had a normal size after mating but shrank during adulthood. Independent of their age, shrunken females did not reproduce and died a few days after shrinking. In addition to these profound differences in short term performance, females from the NR-population showed behavioral changes, including a lower degree of attraction to herbivore-induced plant volatiles, a higher tendency to leave a prey-patch and a lower predation rate. Moreover, about half of the live females of the NR-population carried birefringent dumbbell-shaped crystals in the legs whereas live females of a responding population carried crystals only in the lumen of the Malpighian tubules and the rectum. The symptom 'crystals in the legs' was correlated with low reproduction. Energy dispersive X-ray diffraction of these crystals revealed that they contain calcium and phosphorus along with carbon and oxygen. Crystals with comparable elemental compositions and the same characteristic concentric layering are well known in insects, where they are thought to play a major role in detoxification of calcium and heavy metals, and in storage of phosphorus. The fraction of predators carrying a white spot in the distal part of the opisthosoma, due to accumulation of excretory material in the rectum, was the same in both populations. Present results are discussed in the context of mite pathology and biological control.

show abstract

“…For the latter two cases it could not be determined whether the entities originated from field-collected natural enemies or arose in mass-rearing systems as a result of intense and continuous rearing under laboratory conditions. Mass-reared host populations may be more susceptible to diseases than field populations, as genetic variation is lower and immune responses may be compromised by stress factors including sub-optimal climatic conditions, starvation and overcrowding (Lighthart et al 1988;Sikorowski and Lawrence 1994). Moreover, in mass-production of arthropods climatic conditions may be better suited for pathogens and horizontal pathogen transmission may be more effective than in natural situations (Sikorowski and Lawrence 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mass-reared host populations may be more susceptible to diseases than field populations, as genetic variation is lower and immune responses may be compromised by stress factors including sub-optimal climatic conditions, starvation and overcrowding (Lighthart et al 1988;Sikorowski and Lawrence 1994). Moreover, in mass-production of arthropods climatic conditions may be better suited for pathogens and horizontal pathogen transmission may be more effective than in natural situations (Sikorowski and Lawrence 1994). These factors may thus enhance disease incidence and the development of novel diseases and/or virulent pathotypes in mass-reared populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verified and potential pathogens of predatory mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

Schütte

Dicke

2008

Exp Appl Acarol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Several species of phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae), including species of the genera Amblyseius, Galendromus, Metaseiulus, Neoseiulus, Phytoseiulus and Typhlodromus, are currently reared for biological control of various crop pests and/or as model organisms for the study of predator-prey interactions. Pathogen-free phytoseiid mites are important to obtain high efficacy in biological pest control and to get reliable data in mite research, as pathogens may affect the performance of their host or alter their reproduction and behaviour. Potential and verified pathogens have been reported for phytoseiid mites during the past 25 years. The present review provides an overview, including potential pathogens with unknown host effects (17 reports), endosymbiotic Wolbachia (seven reports), other bacteria (including Cardinium and Spiroplasma) (four reports), cases of unidentified diseases (three reports) and cases of verified pathogens (six reports). From the latter group four reports refer to Microsporidia, one to a fungus and one to a bacterium. Only five entities have been studied in detail, including Wolbachia infecting seven predatory mite species, other endosymbiotic bacteria infecting Metaseiulus (Galendromus, Typhlodromus) occidentalis (Nesbitt), the bacterium Acaricomes phytoseiuli infecting Phytoseiulus persimilis AthiasHenriot, the microsporidium Microsporidium phytoseiuli infecting P. persimilis and the microsporidium Oligosproridium occidentalis infecting M. occidentalis. In four cases (Wolbachia, A. phytoseiuli, M. phytoseiuli and O. occidentalis) an infection may be connected with fitness costs of the host. Moreover, infection is not always readily visible as no obvious gross symptoms are present. Monitoring of these entities on a routine and continuous basis should therefore get more attention, especially in commercial mass-production. Special attention should be paid to field-collected mites before introduction into the laboratory or mass rearing, and to mites that are exchanged among rearing facilities. However, at present general pathogen monitoring is not yet practical as effects of many entities are unknown. More research effort is needed concerning verified and potential pathogens of commercially reared arthropods and those used as model organisms in research.

show abstract

Microbial Contamination and Insect Rearing

Cited by 46 publications

References 0 publications

Phylogeographic Structure in Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) Populations Inferred With mtDNA Sequencing

Phylogeographic Structure in Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) Populations Inferred With mtDNA Sequencing

A Novel Disease Affecting the Predatory Mite Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari, Phytoseiidae): 1. Symptoms in Adult Females

Verified and potential pathogens of predatory mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About