Microbial contaminants isolated from items and work surfaces in the post- operative ward at Kawolo general hospital, Uganda

Sserwadda, Ivan; Lukenge, Mathew; Mwambi, Bashir; Mboowa, Gerald; Walusimbi, Apollo; Segujja, Farouk

doi:10.1186/s12879-018-2980-5

Cited by 42 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Our result agreed with other reports where bacterial contamination was found to be very high such as report from Zimbabwe (86.2%) [14] and from Morocco (96.3%) [23]. In contrast to our result, lower bacterial contaminations were observed from studies conducted elsewhere; Gaza Strip (24.7%) [24], Sudan (29.7%) [25], Uganda (44.2%) [26], Nigeria (39.4%) [27] and Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia (39.6%) [16]. Differences in hand hygiene, ventilation system, sterilisation and disinfection techniques could account for these discrepancies [1,28,29].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Bacterial profiles and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Isolates from inanimate hospital environments at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Sebre

Erku

Seman

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Microbial contamination of hospital environment plays an important role in the spread of health care-associated infections (HCAIs). This study was conducted to determine bacterial contamination, bacterial profiles and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates from environmental surfaces and medical equipment. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH) from June to September, 2018. A total of 164 inanimate surfaces located at intensive care units (ICUs) and operation theaters (OTs) were swabbed. All isolates were identified by using routine bacterial culture, Gram staining and a panel of biochemical tests. For each identified bacteria, antibiogram profiles were determined by the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Out of the 164 swabbed samples, 141 (86%) were positive for bacterial growth. The predominant bacteria identified from OTs and ICUs were S. aureus (23% vs 11.5%), Acinetobacter spp (3.8% vs 17.5%) and Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CONS) (12.6% vs 2.7%) respectively. Linens were the most contaminated materials among items studied at the hospital (14.8%). The proportions of resistance among Gram-positive bacteria (GPB) were high for penicillin (92.8%), cefoxitin (83.5%) and erythromycin (54.1%). However, the most effective antibiotics were clindamycin with only 10.4% and 16.5% resistance rates, respectively. The antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) revealed that the most effective antibiotics were amikacin, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin with resistance rate of 25%, 37.5%, and 46.3%, respectively. However, the highest resistance was recorded against ampicillin (97.5%), ceftazidime (91.3%), ceftriaxone (91.3%) and aztreonam (90%). The inanimate surfaces near immediate patient environment and commonly touched medical equipment within OTs and ICUs are reservoirs of potential pathogenic bacteria that could predispose critically ill patients to acquire HCAIs. The proportions of antimicrobial resistance profile of the isolates are much higher from studied clean inanimate environments.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Ethiopia by a Meta-analysis study for penicillin and erythromycin with a pooled resistance level of 99.1% and 97.2%, respectively [50]. Moreover, similar resistance level was also reported from Uganda for penicillin (93%) [26]. Of the 64 S. aureus isolates obtained in this study, 54 (85.7%)…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Bacterial profiles and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Isolates from inanimate hospital environments at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Sebre

Erku

Seman

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Additionally, many pathogenic species has been found which are able to cause HAIs in health care settings. It has been documented that, the hospital environment (equipment, materials and work surface) are considered as reservoir and play a role in the prolonged maintenance of NI and transmission [10]. In several studies, bacteria are the most predominant infectious agents (85%) [7,8,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major Bacteria Species Surface Contaminants in Hospitals of Littoral Region, Cameroon

Merlin¹,

Clement²,

Ateudjieu³

et al. 2020

EJCBS

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Globally, the levels of healthcare-associated infections (nosocomial infections) are important high, and especially those due to bacterial are significant and costly. Healthcare environments provide a worrying reservoir for spreading infections. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) Low and Middle-Income Countries may be particularly at risk, hence, the need to perform a timely assessment of surface contamination of bacterial origin in the major units of four different hospitals of the Littoral Region, Cameroon. A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted from December 2018 to May 2019. A simple random sampling was used to swap 10 selected equipment (treatment tables, operating tables, delivery tables, office tables, anesthesia equipment, surgical aspirators, oxygen concentrators, wheelchairs, patients and office chairs) and 10 materials (fans, patient bedside tables, patient bed rails, trolleys, door handles, negastoscopes, baby scales, air conditioners, Antiseptic container boxes, and covers) in the mornings after disinfection but before the start of work in each unit. After inoculation in four agar media consecutively (Eosine Methylene blue, Cled, Mannitol salt agar and the blood agar in segmented) and incubated in appropriate conditions, identification and confirmation were based on morphological characteristics of bacteria colonies, microscopy, and biochemical methods using API staph, strep, and 20E TM gallery Biomerieux. Of a total of 236 samples collected, 119 (50.4%) showed bacterial growth, 33 different species of which 62/119 (52.10%) were Gram-positive cocci, 57/119 (47.90%) Gram-negative bacilli. S. aureus, 45/119 (37.81%), E. coli 6/119 (5.04%), and Acinetobacter spp 4/119 (3.36%) were the most common contaminants. Patients' bedside tables, office chairs, and patients' bed rails were the highest contaminants respectively 14/119 (11.76%), 13/119 (10.92%) and 12/119 (10.08%). The Emergency units were the mainly contaminated area for Gram-positive cocci, 12/62 (19.35%) majority S. aureus 9/62 (14.51%) as most as Gram-negative non-Enterobacteriaceae 11/31 (35, 48%) with a predominance of C. meningoseptica and M. heamolytica both 2/31 (6.45%). Therefore for the Gram-negative bacilli Enterobacteriaceae family, the highest level of bacterial isolates was recovered in laboratory 7/26 (26.92%), in which E. coli was predominantly reported 4/26 (15.38%). However, S. aureus was the only species found in all hospitals and units. This high level of contamination in various key units in these hospitals is a serious risk of infections with leading to complicated and cost healthcare. This work will help clinical care and decision making to take appropriate actions to improve sanitation and ensure control measures to limit the spread of hospital-acquired infections.

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“…Given the fact that Klebsiella spp and Escherichia coli have capacity to survive up to 30 and 16 months, respectively, on inanimate dry surfaces [5]. Moreover, isolation of such Enterobacteriaceae is highly indicative of fecal contamination and poor hand washing practices amongst health workers and patients [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnitude and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae recovered from environmental samples at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia

Muktar¹,

Erku²,

Mihret³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background The hospital environment especially the intensive care units (ICUs) contributes to the spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae, which are contributing to increasing morbidity and mortality rates. We aimed to assess the rate of environmental contamination of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Methods A Cross-sectional study was conducted at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH) from June to July, 2018. A total of 65 environmental swab were taken from inanimate items. All isolates from the inanimate environment were cultured by using ESBL ChromoSelect Agar and identified using conventional bacteriological methods. All ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates were tested for their antimicrobial susceptibility using the disc diffusion method according to the methods and interpretive criteria of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Results From a total of 65 environmental swab samples, 16 (24.6%) were ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae. The most predominant ESBL producing isolates were E. coli (8/16, 50%) and Klebsiella spp (6/16, 37.6%). The Pediatrics and Medical-Surgical ICU exhibited the highest ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae, each with (37.5%, 6/16). Linens and ventilators were associated with high rates of ESBL isolates positivity each with equal 31.3% detection rate. ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates had significantly high resistance level to ampicillin (100%), ceftazidime (93.8%), cefepime (87.5%) and cefotaxime (86.7%). However, low resistance level was recorded against amikacin (18.8%). Conclusion The appearance of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae among ICUs hospital environment is posing a serious threat for the control of nosocomial infections. The high resistance found from this study shows the need for policies for devising infection control procedures and screening policies for ESBL on a routine basis.

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Microbial contaminants isolated from items and work surfaces in the post- operative ward at Kawolo general hospital, Uganda

Cited by 42 publications

References 12 publications

Bacterial profiles and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Isolates from inanimate hospital environments at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Bacterial profiles and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Isolates from inanimate hospital environments at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Major Bacteria Species Surface Contaminants in Hospitals of Littoral Region, Cameroon

Magnitude and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae recovered from environmental samples at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia

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