Microbial Contaminants Found in Low Egg Passage Rabies Vaccine Used in Nigeria

Adeyemi, I. G.; Ikheloa, J.O.; Ogundipe, G. A. T.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1993.tb00191.x

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Alternatively, the actual immunization coverage observed in this study was similar to or slightly less than the seropositivity-based immunization coverage, with 0.5 IU/mL of threshold titer recorded in other African countries, such as a 42.6% immunization coverage in Ilorin city, Nigeria, by stratified random sampling [17]. That earlier study mentioned both a lack of stable rabies vaccination programs in the city and vaccination failure that were common in Nigeria [43,44] as factors contributing to the immunization coverage observed [17]. In Gaborone, Botswana, a 54% seropositivity in dogs sampled in animal clinics was reported [45].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Immunization Coverage and Antibody Retention against Rabies in Domestic Dogs in Lusaka District, Zambia

et al. 2021

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Rabies remains endemic in Zambia. Despite conducting canine vaccinations in Lusaka district, the vaccination coverage and actual seropositivity in the dog population in Lusaka district are rarely evaluated. This study estimated the seropositivity-based immunization coverage in the owned dog population in Lusaka district using the expanded program on immunization cluster survey method. The time-series trend of neutralizing antibodies against rabies in vaccinated dogs was also evaluated. Of 366 dogs in 200 dog-owning households in Lusaka district, blood samples were collected successfully from 251 dogs. In the sampled dogs, 42.2% (106/251) had an antibody titer ≥0.5 IU/mL. When the 115 dogs whose blood was not collected were assumed to be seronegative, the minimum immunization coverage in Lusaka district’s owned dog population was estimated at 29.0% (95% confidence interval: 22.4–35.5). It was also found that a single vaccination with certified vaccines is capable of inducing protective levels of antibodies. In contrast, higher antibody titers were observed in multiple-vaccinated dogs than in single-vaccinated dogs, coupled with the observation of a decline in antibody titer over time. These results suggest the importance of continuous booster immunization to maintain herd immunity and provide useful information to plan mass vaccination against rabies in Zambia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Immunization Coverage and Antibody Retention against Rabies in Domestic Dogs in Lusaka District, Zambia

et al. 2021

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“…However, some workers have reported problems of purity and immunogenic inadequacies of the low and high egg passage (LEP, HEP) Flury strain rabies vaccine produced in Nigeria (Okoh, 1989;1993;2003). For dogs, initial vaccination against rabies is at 3 months of age with the immunity lasting between 2 to 3 years, whereas an annual booster vaccination is recommended in Nigeria because of enzootic nature of rabies in most areas (Nawathe et al;1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ten-year (1993 - 2002) retrospective evaluation of vaccination of dogs against rabies at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria

Adeyemi¹,

Adetunji²,

James³

et al. 2006

African Journal of Biomedical Research

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Record books in form of one thousand, four hundred and seventy eight (1478) registers, case notes and vaccination certificates of registered dogs were assessed for rabies vaccination and its booster coverage. The dogs which consisted of 850 males and 628 females were presented at the Small Animal and Preventive Veterinary Medicine Clinics, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Ibadan between January 1993 and December 2002. Among the registered dogs, 155 (10.5%) with annual mean of 9.1 + 9.1% were vaccinated. Although more females (83 or 13.2%) were vaccinated than male dogs (72 or 8.5%), the difference was not significant (p>0.05). Most v accinated dogs (121 or 78.1%), were at the initial vaccination age of 3 months and had the highest vaccination coverage (51 dogs (males and females) or 44.3%) while 53 (males and females) dogs (43.8%) were adequately vaccinated. Also, 12 (35.3%) among 34 dogs with booster vaccination were adequately protected against rabies. The current study showed increase in registration of dogs and the cost of vaccination in the clinics. However declined vaccination and booster coverages were observed compared to t he previous 5 -year observations of 36.5% vaccination and 59.5% booster coverages. These observations were far below the recommendation of WHO (1989WHO ( , 1990WHO ( , 2001) to prevent urban rabies epizootics and epidemics in the area. Since rabies is zoonotic, the study indicated increase danger of contracting rabies by veterinarians, their assistants, dog owners, their family members and the general public.

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Gupta

Singh

Sodhi

et al. 1999

Tropical Animal Health and Production

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Absidiosis was produced experimentally in 18 buffalo calves by intravenous inoculation of spores of Absidia corymbifera. Infected animals exhibited dullness, depression, partial anorexia and an initial pyrexia and coughing during the first week and two animals died on each of 9, 13 and 16 days post infection (DPI). The haemoglobin concentration and total erythrocyte count showed no appreciable change from their basal values at any stage of the experiment. However, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and total leukocyte count increased significantly in the infected animals. The differential leukocyte count revealed a relative neutrophilia from 5 to 20 DPI. There was a significant increase in the serum total proteins, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, serum alkaline phosphatase, total immunoglobulins and circulating immune complexes in the infected animals as compared to the controls. In the sera of the infected animals, specific Absidia corymbifera IgM and IgG antibodies were detected from 3 DPI to 6 DPI respectively by Dot-EIA. Type I and type III skin hypersensitivity were detected from 10 DPI and type IV hypersensitivity from 15 DPI onwards. The gross and microscopic pathological lesions were seen mainly in the lungs, in all except one of the affected animals. This animal died 9 DPI and mycotic granulomas were also seen in its heart and kidneys. The microscopic lesions in the lung took the form of well-developed granulomas.

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Microbial Contaminants Found in Low Egg Passage Rabies Vaccine Used in Nigeria

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

Immunization Coverage and Antibody Retention against Rabies in Domestic Dogs in Lusaka District, Zambia

Immunization Coverage and Antibody Retention against Rabies in Domestic Dogs in Lusaka District, Zambia

Ten-year (1993 - 2002) retrospective evaluation of vaccination of dogs against rabies at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria

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