Microbial community structure of Arctic multiyear sea ice and surface seawater by 454 sequencing of the 16S RNA gene

Bowman, Jeff S.; Rasmussen, Simon; Blom, Nikolaj; Deming, Jody W.; Rysgaard, Søren; Sicheritz-Pontén, Thomas

doi:10.1038/ismej.2011.76

Cited by 160 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Most of the OTUs that were present in all sea ice samples in our study were most similar to previously identified sea ice bacteria from the Arctic, Antarctic and the Baltic Sea ( Figure 5) (Junge et al, 2001;Petri and Imhoff, 2001;Brinkmeyer et al, 2003;Bowman et al, 2012;Eronen-Rasimus et al, 2014;Han et al, 2014;Hatam et al, 2014). Furthermore, MYI bacterial communities from the sites we sampled had comparable OTU richness and diversity values to those shown in previous studies of sea ice bacterial communities (Bowman et al, 2012;Hatam et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Bacterial communities from Arctic seasonal sea ice are more compositionally variable than those from multi-year sea ice

et al. 2016

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Arctic sea ice can be classified into two types: seasonal ice (first-year ice, FYI) and multi-year ice (MYI). Despite striking differences in the physical and chemical characteristics of FYI and MYI, and the key role sea ice bacteria play in biogeochemical cycles of the Arctic Ocean, there are a limited number of studies comparing the bacterial communities from these two ice types. Here, we compare the membership and composition of bacterial communities from FYI and MYI sampled north of Ellesmere Island, Canada. Our results show that communities from both ice types were dominated by similar class-level phylogenetic groups. However, at the operational taxonomic unit (OTU) level, communities from MYI and FYI differed in both membership and composition. Communities from MYI sites had consistent structure, with similar membership (presence/absence) and composition (OTU abundance) independent of location and year of sample. By contrast, communities from FYI were more variable. Although FYI bacterial communities from different locations and different years shared similar membership, they varied significantly in composition. Should these findings apply to sea ice across the Arctic, we predict increased compositional variability in sea ice bacterial communities resulting from the ongoing transition from predominantly MYI to FYI, which may impact nutrient dynamics in the Arctic Ocean.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Bacterial communities from Arctic seasonal sea ice are more compositionally variable than those from multi-year sea ice

et al. 2016

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“…7A), which is concordant with observed low abundance (ca. 4% of 16S rRNA gene sequence tags) in Arctic multi-year ice (Bowman et al 2012). Bacterial composition in sub-ice seawater at the beginning of our experiment showed the presence of the same three dominant groups, but with a predominance of the Gammaproteobacteria over the Alphaproteobacteria (Fig.…”

Section: Microcosms To Study Hydrocarbon Degradationmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Gammaproteobacteria is typically the predominant group in Arctic sea ice (Junge et al 2002;Brinkmeyer et al 2003;Bowman et al 2012) followed by Bacteroidetes (Deming 2010), whereas Alphaproteobacteria dominates in Arctic surface waters (Garneau et al 2006;Alonso-Sáez et al 2008). Accordingly, our results showed a dominance of Gammaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes in the marine communities on the underside of landfast ice but no Alphaproteobacteria were detected (Fig.…”

Section: Microcosms To Study Hydrocarbon Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that our experiment was run in oxic conditions, as would be expected in the diffusive interfacial sea-ice layer, sequencing results did not reveal the presence of anaerobic bacteria. However, anoxic micro-sites have been found in sea-ice brine channels in the Arctic (Rysgaard & Glud 2004), where anaerobic bacteria were detected (Petri & Imhoff 2001;Bowman et al 2012). Biodegradation of hydrocarbon is also possible in anoxic pockets when NO 3 -, Fe 3+ , and SO 4 2-are used as electron acceptors 22 (Widdel & Rabus 2001).…”

Section: Microcosms To Study Hydrocarbon Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, coldadapted bacteria that possess hydrocarbon-degrading genes have been found in Arctic soils (Whyte et al 1999;Yergeau et al 2012) and seawater (McFarlin et al 2014). Sea ice is another distinctive Arctic ecosystem, characterized by very cold temperature and high brine content, and yet it harbors abundant and diverse microbial assemblages thriving in several distinct microhabitats (Bowman et al 2012). Some studies have addressed the hydrocarbon degradation potential of ice-associated microbes (Atlas et al 1978;Gerdes et al 2005;Deppe et al 2005;Brakstad et al 2008), but overall this area of research is rather unexplored, especially regarding first-year sea ice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrocarbon biodegradation by Arctic sea-ice and sub-ice microbial communities during microcosm experiments, Northwest Passage (Nunavut, Canada)

Garneau

Michel

Meisterhans

et al. 2016

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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Vous avez des questions? Nous pouvons vous aider. Pour communiquer directement avec un auteur, consultez la première page de la revue dans laquelle son article a été publié afin de trouver ses coordonnées. Si vous n'arrivez pas à les repérer, communiquez avec nous à PublicationsArchive-ArchivesPublications@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. Questions? Contact the NRC Publications Archive team atPublicationsArchive-ArchivesPublications@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. If you wish to email the authors directly, please see the first page of the publication for their contact information. NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRCThis publication could be one of several versions: author's original, accepted manuscript or the publisher's version. / La version de cette publication peut être l'une des suivantes : la version prépublication de l'auteur, la version acceptée du manuscrit ou la version de l'éditeur. NRC Publications Record / Notice d'Archives des publications de CNRC:http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/view/object/?id=7c0aa52f-edde-4536-bc0b-f3df34a692ee http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/fra/voir/objet/?id=7c0aa52f-edde-4536-bc0b-f3df34a692ee AbstractThe increasing accessibility to navigation and offshore oil exploration brings risks of hydrocarbon releases in Arctic waters. Bioremediation of hydrocarbons is a promising mitigation strategy but challenges remain, particularly due to low microbial metabolic rates in cold, ice-covered seas.Hydrocarbon degradation potential of ice-associated microbes collected from the Northwest Passage was investigated. Microcosm incubations were run for 15 days at -1.7°C with and without oil to determine the effects of hydrocarbon exposure on microbial abundance, diversity and activity, and to estimate component-specific hydrocarbon loss. Diversity was assessed with automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis and ion torrent 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Bacterial activity was measured by 3 H-leucine uptake rates. After incubation, sub-ice and sea-ice communities degraded 94% and 48% of the initial hydrocarbons, respectively. Hydrocarbon exposure changed the composition of sea-ice and sub-ice communities; in sea-ice microcosms, Bacteroidetes (mainly Polaribacter) dominated whereas in sub-ice microcosms, Epsilonproteobacteria contribution increased, but that of Alphaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes decreased. Sequencing data revealed a decline in diversity and increases in Colwellia and Moritella in oil-treated microcosms. Low concentration of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in sub-ice seawater may explain higher hydrocarbon degradation when compared to sea ice, where DOM was abundant and composed of labile exopolysaccharides.

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Frost flowers on young Arctic sea ice: The climatic, chemical, and microbial significance of an emerging ice type

Barber

Ehn

Pućko

et al. 2014

J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.

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Ongoing changes in Arctic sea ice are increasing the spatial and temporal range of young sea ice types over which frost flowers can occur, yet the significance of frost flowers to ocean-sea ice-atmosphere exchange processes remains poorly understood. Frost flowers form when moisture from seawater becomes available to a cold atmosphere and surface winds are low, allowing for supersaturation of the near-surface boundary layer. Ice grown in a pond cut in young ice at the mouth of Young Sound, NE Greenland, in March 2012, showed that expanding frost flower clusters began forming as soon as the ice formed. The new ice and frost flowers dramatically changed the radiative and thermal environment. The frost flowers were about 5°C colder than the brine surface, with an approximately linear temperature gradient from their base to their upper tips. Salinity and δ18 O values indicated that frost flowers primarily originated from the surface brine skim. Ikaite crystals were observed to form within an hour in both frost flowers and the thin pond ice. Average ikaite concentrations were 1013 μmol kg À1 in frost flowers and 1061 μmol kg À1 in the surface slush layer.Chamber flux measurements confirmed an efflux of CO 2 at the brine-wetted sea ice surface, in line with expectations from the brine chemistry. Bacteria concentrations generally increased with salinity in frost flowers and the surface slush layer. Bacterial densities and taxa indicated that a selective process occurred at the ice surface and confirmed the general pattern of primary oceanic origin versus negligible atmospheric deposition.

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Microbial community structure of Arctic multiyear sea ice and surface seawater by 454 sequencing of the 16S RNA gene

Cited by 160 publications

References 52 publications

Bacterial communities from Arctic seasonal sea ice are more compositionally variable than those from multi-year sea ice

Bacterial communities from Arctic seasonal sea ice are more compositionally variable than those from multi-year sea ice

Hydrocarbon biodegradation by Arctic sea-ice and sub-ice microbial communities during microcosm experiments, Northwest Passage (Nunavut, Canada)

Frost flowers on young Arctic sea ice: The climatic, chemical, and microbial significance of an emerging ice type

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