Microbial Community Structure in Ancient European Arctic Peatlands

Пастухов, А. В.; Ковалева, В. А.; Kaverin, Dmitry

doi:10.3390/plants11202704

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Торф як природна сировина для вирощування мікроорганізмів має переваги перед іншими видами сировини, оскільки він є багатим джерелом азоту і вуглецю. Визначальними факторами для розвитку мікроорганізмів торфу є аерація і гідротермальні кондиції (Pastukhov et al, 2022). Активність мікроорганізмів торфу низька і повільна.…”

Section: рис 1 L-аргінінunclassified

Аrginine – biological role, biosynthesis and whey consumption

Korytko

2023

SMLNUVMBA

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The article summarizes actual information about L-arginine (Arg), which is the semi-essential amino acid. L-arginine is classified as an essential amino acid for birds, carnivores and young mammals and a conditionally essential amino acid for adults. L-arginine plays very important role in the plant and animal body metabolism. It metabolically interconvertible with the amino acids proline and glutamate and also is the precursor of a large number of crucial metabolites. It is serves as a precursor for synthesis of molecules of great biological importance, including proteins, L-ornithine, polyamines, agmatine, creatine and urea, which is important in the urea cycle. The main importance of L-arginine is attributed to its role as a precursor for the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), a free radical molecule that is synthesized in all mammalian cells from L-arginine by NO synthase. NO appears to be a major form of the endothelium-derived relaxing factor. So, L−arginine plays a special role in vascular system, where it is a source of endogenous nitric oxide, which is blood vessels dilator. The use of supplements with L-arginine is appropriate in the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases. Thanks to relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, it takes part in regulation of blood vessels tone. Treatment by arginine as a medicine improves functions of cardiovascular system. L-Аrginine there is in plant and animal food and in seafood. L-arginine has a wide and varied application such as animal feeding, cosmetology, medical field. In recent years arginine production has been increasing. L−Arginine is obtained by hydrolysis of proteins, with the help of chemical and microbiological synthesis. Microbiological synthesis of L-arginine is the most promising and economically advantageous. Modern microbial technologies use monosubstrates and mixed substrates. Bacteria can synthesize all 20 proteinogenic amino acids, including the nine essential amino acids required for mammalian growth. In general, enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of amino acids are essential for the growth and survival of bacteria. Peat cause great scientific interest. Peat is a natural media for growing symbiotic microorganisms, and has advantages over other types of natural feedstocks. We obtained a peat-based bio-substrate using an inorganic sulfur-containing compound. As a result of bio-substrate composting the content arginine and some other amino asides increased. This bio-substrate was used in resіaches as a feed additive for broiler chickens. Under the action of the feed additive the metabolism in the body of chісkens, growth and live weight gain improved.

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Section: рис 1 L-аргінінunclassified

Аrginine – biological role, biosynthesis and whey consumption

Korytko

2023

SMLNUVMBA

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“…The largest carbon reserves, in the form of peat deposits, total approximately 22 billion tons and are located in Western Siberia [1]. The study of organic matter transformation processes in peatlands becomes increasingly important in light of current climate changes, which impact the hydrothermal regime of peat soils and the activity of microorganisms [2][3][4][5][6]. Changes in climatic conditions lead to disruptions and irregularities in the peat formation process due to a decrease in precipitation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Impact of Temperature and Moisture on the Decomposition of Peat-Forming Plants: Results of a Two-Year Incubation Experiment

Nikonova,

Kurganova,

Lopes de Gerenyu

et al. 2023

Forests

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The decomposition rate of plant residues is determined by both abiotic (temperature, moisture) and biotic factors (biochemical composition). To separate the contribution of each factor to the decomposition process, long-term incubation experiments under controlled conditions are required. Two-year incubation experiments were conducted with various types of peat-forming plants (Sphagnum fuscum, Chamaedaphne calyculata, Eriophorum vaginatum, and a mixed sample consisting of 60% Sphagnum fuscum and 40% Chamaedaphne calyculata). The experiments were carried out at temperatures of 2, 12, and 22 °C, with varying moisture levels (W = 30, 60, and 90% of their water-holding capacity). In all plant samples, the highest rates of C(CO2) emission (DecR) were observed in the initial stages of decomposition. The cumulative carbon loss (Ccum) during the experiment ranged from 45 to 196 mgC/g of plant material at 22 °C and 23 to 156 mgC/g of plant material at 2 °C. The decay constant (k) for all plant samples increased with rising temperature. The results of the three-way ANOVA showed that the influence of the examined factors on the cumulative losses of C(CO2) decreased in the following order: the type of plant > temperature > moisture. Throughout the experiment, the influence of the type of plant and moisture on DecR increased, while the effect of temperature decreased. The highest temperature sensitivity (Q10 = 0.71–6.19) was observed in the low-temperature range (2–12 °C) during months 4 to 6 of incubation. These results are relevant for modeling and predicting the rate of transformation of peat organic matter under changing climatic conditions.

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Microbial Communities of Peaty Permafrost Tundra Soils along the Gradient of Environmental Conditions and Anthropogenic Disturbance in Pechora River Delta in the Eastern European Arctic

Кравченко

Grouzdev²,

Сухачева

et al. 2023

Diversity

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Microbial communities play crucial roles in the global carbon cycle, particularly in peatland and tundra ecosystems experiencing climate change. The latest IPCC assessments highlight the anthropogenic changes in the Arctic peatlands and their consequences due to global climate change. These disturbances could trigger permafrost degradation and intensification of the biogeochemical processes resulting in greenhouse gas formation. In this study, we describe the variation in diversity and composition of soil microbial communities from shallow peat tundra sites with different anthropogenic loads and applied restoration interventions in the landscape of remnant fragments of terraces in the Pechora River delta, the Russian Arctic, Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The molecular approaches, including quantitative real-time PCR and high-throughput Illumina sequencing of 16S RNA and ITS, were applied to examine the bacterial and fungal communities in the soil samples. Anthropogenic disturbance leads to a significant decrease in the representation of Acidobacteria and Verrucomicrobia, while the proportion and diversity of Proteobacteria increase. Fungal communities in undisturbed sites may be characterized as monodominant, and anthropogenic impact increases the fungal diversity. Only the verrucomicrobial methanotrophs Methyloacifiphilaceae were found in the undisturbed sites, but proteobacterial methanotrophs Methylobacterium-Methylorubrum, as well as different methylotrophs affiliated with Methylophilaceae, and Beijerinckiaceae (Methylorosula), were detected in disturbed sites.

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Microbial Community Structure in Ancient European Arctic Peatlands

Cited by 3 publications

References 49 publications

Аrginine – biological role, biosynthesis and whey consumption

Аrginine – biological role, biosynthesis and whey consumption

Impact of Temperature and Moisture on the Decomposition of Peat-Forming Plants: Results of a Two-Year Incubation Experiment

Microbial Communities of Peaty Permafrost Tundra Soils along the Gradient of Environmental Conditions and Anthropogenic Disturbance in Pechora River Delta in the Eastern European Arctic

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