Plastics are invading nearly all ecosystems on earth,
acting as
emerging repositories for toxic organic pollutants and thereby imposing
substantial threats to ecological integrity. The colonization of plastics
by microorganisms, forming the plastisphere, has garnered attention
due to its potential influence on biogeochemical cycles. However,
the capability of plastisphere microorganisms to attenuate organohalide
pollutants remains to be evaluated. This study revealed that the plastisphere,
collected from coastal ecosystems, harbors unique microbiomes, while
the natural accumulation of organohalide pollutants on plastics may
favor the proliferation of organohalide-respiring bacteria (OHRB).
Laboratory tests further elucidated the high potential of plastisphere
microbiota to reductively dehalogenate a variety of organohalide pollutants.
Notably, over 70% tested plastisphere completely debrominated tetrabromobisphenol
A (TBBPA) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) to nonhalogenated
products, whereas polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were converted
to lower congeners under anaerobic conditions. Dehalococcoides, Dehalogenimonas, and novel Dehalococcoidia populations might contribute to the observed dehalogenation based
on their growth during incubation and positive correlations with the
quantity of halogens removed. Intriguingly, large fractions of these
OHRB populations were identified in a lack of the currently known
TBBPA/PBDEs/PCBs reductive dehalogenase (RDase) genes, suggesting
the presence of novel RDase genes. Microbial community analyses identified
organohalides as a crucial factor in determining the composition,
diversity, interaction, and assembly of microbes derived from the
plastisphere. Collectively, this study underscores the overlooked
roles of the plastisphere in the natural attenuation of persistent
organohalide pollutants and sheds light on the unignorable impacts
of organohalide compounds on the microbial ecology of the plastisphere.