Microbial community development on model particles in the deep sulfidic waters of the Black Sea

Abstract

Microorganisms attached to particles have been shown to be different from free-living microbes and to display diverse metabolic activities. However, little is known about the ecotypes associated with particles and their substrate preference in anoxic marine waters. Here, we investigate the microbial community colonizing particles in the anoxic and sulfide-rich waters of the Black Sea. We incubated beads coated with different substrates in situ at 1000 and 2000 m depth. After 6 h, the particleattached microbes were dominated by Gamma-and Alpha-proteobacteria, and groups related to the phyla Latescibacteria, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes and Firmicutes, with substantial variation across the bead types, indicating that the attaching communities were selected by the substrate. Further laboratory incubations for 7 days suggested the presence of a community of highly specialized taxa. After incubation for 35 days, the microbial composition across all beads and depths was similar and primarily composed of putative sulfur cycling microbes. In addition to the major shared microbial groups, subdominant taxa on chitin and proteincoated beads were detected pointing to specialized microbial degraders. These results highlight the role of particles as sites for attachment and biofilm formation, while the composition of organic matter defined a secondary part of the microbial community.

Lipidomics of Environmental Microbial Communities. II: Characterization Using Molecular Networking and Information Theory

“…The deep, euxinic waters (anoxic and sulfidic, 500–2,000 mbsl) had the most specialized lipidome profiles (i.e., unique occurrence of the lipid pattern), accompanied with a medium extent of diversity among all the water column depths. This supports observations that distinct microbial communities inhabit the deep euxinic waters of the Black Sea compared to the surface waters ( Durisch-Kaiser et al, 2005 ; Wakeham et al, 2007 ; Sollai et al, 2019 ; Suominen et al, 2020a , b ). The signature for low diversity and low specialization observed at depths 70–95 mbsl (including 80, 85, and 90 mbsl) was in line with the low numbers and low intensity of resolved chromatographic peaks seen for these depths (data not shown).…”

The physiology and metabolic properties of a novel, low‐abundance Psychrilyobacter species isolated from the anoxic Black Sea shed light on its ecological role

“…This zone could be most favourable for these microorganisms due to the suboxic‐anoxic conditions, availability of various nutrients [e.g., NH 4 + (~14 μM), PO 4 3− (~5.5 μM; Fig. 1A)], presence of dissolved organic carbon (~200 μM; Suominen et al ., 2021b), and relatively low hydrostatic pressure (1.2–1.5 MPa). Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences attributed to Fusobacteria recovered from the Black Sea water column, revealed that they represent seven putative clades within this phylum (Fig.…”

“…Fig. 1A)], presence of dissolved organic carbon (~200 μM; Suominen et al, 2021b), and relatively low hydrostatic pressure (1.2-1.5 MPa). Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences attributed to Fusobacteria recovered from the Black Sea water column, revealed that they represent seven putative clades within this phylum (Fig.…”

“…In this study, we have examined the distribution and abundance of fusobacterial members in the Black Sea water column. The Black Sea is the largest permanent anoxic basin on Earth, with a maximum depth of approximately 2200 m. The Black Sea deep waters (>2000 m) are characterized recalcitrant nutrient conditions (i.e., the presence of difficult to degrade sulfurized dissolved organic matters; Gomez-Saez et al, 2021), elevated hydrostatic pressure and high sulfide concentration (400 μM; Volkov and Neretin, 2007), conditions that are expected to harbour microorganisms adapted to deal with those conditions (e.g., Vetriani et al, 2003;Wakeham et al, 2003Wakeham et al, , 2007Lin et al, 2006;Leloup et al, 2007;Henkel et al, 2019;Yadav et al, 2020;Suominen et al, 2021aSuominen et al, , 2021b. Here, we have successfully enriched members of the genus Psychrilyobacter (up to 58% of the total microbial community) of the phylum Fusobacteria and isolated two representative strains (Psychrilyobacter sp.…”

Vitamin B12 (CoII) initiates the reductive defluorination of branched perfluorooctane sulfonate (br-PFOS) in the presence of sulfide

“…Sulfide (S 2− ) is a naturally occurring reductant that is commonly found in hypoxic environments such as landfill leachate, thermal springs, hazardous subsurface waste plumes, anoxic estuarine porewaters, salt marshes, etc., at the concentration levels ranging from 0.2 μM to 12 mM [30][31][32][33]. Sewage and industrial wastewaters from e.g.…”