Microbial Community and Its Association With Physicochemical Factors During Compost Bedding for Dairy Cows

Abstract

Overproduction of livestock manure can cause significant environmental challenges. Compost bedding (CB) is considered an effective approach for recycling the agricultural byproducts and improving the welfare of dairy cattle. During the CB preparing, the composition of microbial communities is usually altered; however, the patterns and drivers of CB microbial communities remains to be investigated. The current study aimed to explore the dynamics of bacterial and fungal communities during the various padded stages, using high throughput sequencing technology and qPCR. The relationships across physicochemical parameters, microbial community composition, and abundance were also evaluated. Sequencing results revealed that Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes of bacteria, and Ascomycota of fungi as the major phyla found in CB. qPCR results showed a significant increase in the number of bacterial genome copies from 1.20 × 10 7 to 3.35 × 10 7 copies/gram of dry soil, while the number of fungal genome copies significantly increased from 8.43 × 10 4 to 7.02 × 10 6 copies/gram of dry soil. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) showed that Actinobacteria was the primary indicator in raw materials while the phylum Bacteroidetes was in the other padded stages. Dothideomycetes was significantly enriched in the initial stage of fungi, whereas Sordariomycetes, including a pathogen Scedosporium prolificans, was the major indicator in CB after 9 days of padding. Mantel test showed that pH significantly influenced bacterial community composition while temperature and total organic carbon (TOC) had a significant effect on fungal community structure. Redundancy analysis indicated that TOC, temperature, and water content had a significant effect on bacterial abundance while total nitrogen, water content, and pH significantly affected fungal abundance. Our finding contributed to the understanding of microbial community succession in CB across different padded stages, and suggests CB management by changing the bedding material every 7 days.

Microbiological Activity during Co-Composting of Food and Agricultural Waste for Soil Amendment

“…Various factors affecting the formation of compost microbial communities are known [15][16][17][18]: composting conditions, properties of the initial substrate and its microbiota, and changes in the physicochemical parameters in the course of the process.…”

“…While relations between bacterial [16,18,19] and bacterial-fungal [15,17] consortia and environmental factors for various substrates have been considered previously, the data on the effect of high initial values of C/N and water contents on the subsequent microbial activity and diversity are scarce, as are those on their dependence on the changing ambient conditions at all stages of co-composting FW and agricultural waste.…”

Environmental Factors Associated with the Eukaryotic Microbial Community and Microalgal Groups in the Mountain Marshes of South Korea

“…Nonetheless, we support that the comparison between microbial communities should be accompanied by a composition comparison factor ( Shi et al 2020 ). The composition of microbial communities is thought to be influenced by physicochemical factors, and this way, both studies are complementary ( Sun et al 2020 ). Thus, the microbial community of mountain marshes, separated due to the topographic features of Mount Jiri, needs diverse research approaches study of physicochemical factors and diversity indicators to understand their microbial community fully.…”

Identification of Thermophilic Aerobic Sporeformers in Bedding Material of Compost-Bedded Dairy Cows Using Microbial and Molecular Methods

“…In this context, it should be noted that the CBP bedding composition parameters are also beneficial for fungal growth [52], whereas previous studies showed a decrease in the amount of fungi during thermophilic composting processes [53]. However, microbial and molecular genetic studies on fungal growth in CBP bedding materials should also be conducted in subsequent studies including a possible influence of the fungal growth on the TAS growth and vice versa.…”